Applied Sciences

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2076-3417

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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Advanced Neural Netwo...

Rock Mechanics and Mo...

Geotechnical Engineer...

Geomechanics and Mini...

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Публикации в журнале

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Pyrotechnic Oxidizer Chemistry: Study-Normalized Performance Comparison and Bibliometric Mapping
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2026-08-18)
Kaster Kamunur
;
Dinara Muktaly
;
G. S. Beisenova
;
Aigerim Akhinzhanova
;
Tolganay Atamanova
Modern pyrotechnic materials are evolving from conventional fuel–oxidizer mixtures toward function-oriented energetic systems designed for controlled ignition, light emission, gas generation, pressure output and thermal response. This review analyzes recent progress in pyrotechnic materials through oxidizer chemistry, thermal and kinetic behavior, study-normalized performance comparison and bibliometric mapping. Representative oxidizer families, including nitrates, perchlorates, chlorates, metal oxides, hybrid oxide–salt systems, high-nitrogen salts, halogen-oxo oxidizers and coordination nitrate complexes, are compared in terms of chemical role and functional output. Thermal data show that decomposition temperature, heat release and activation energy must be interpreted together, since lower activation energy can indicate either enhanced reactivity or degradation during aging. A study-normalized relative performance factor (RPF) was used to compare performance changes within individual publications. The strongest relative improvements were associated with oxide selection, particle-size reduction, hybrid oxidizer design and coupling of nanothermites with gas-generating components. Bibliometric mapping confirmed a shift toward metal-based energetic materials, nanothermites, gas generators, combustion diagnostics, color systems and pyrotechnic devices. These trends show that oxidizer chemistry, particle architecture and additive function are increasingly selected for defined pressure, gas, light or thermal outputs.
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Advanced Techniques for Thorium Recovery from Mineral Deposits: A Comprehensive Review
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2025-10-24)
Tolganay Atamanova
;
Bakhytzhan T. Lesbayev
;
Сандугаш Кудайбергеновна Танирбергенова
;
Zhanna Alsar
;
Aisultan Kalybay
Thorium has emerged as a promising alternative to uranium in nuclear energy systems due to its higher natural abundance, favorable conversion to fissile 233U, and reduced generation of long-lived transuranic waste. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advanced techniques for thorium recovery from primary ores and secondary resources. The main mineralogical carriers—including monazite, thorianite, thorite, and cheralite as well as industrial by-products such as rare-earth processing tailings—are critically examined with respect to their occurrence and processing potential. Physical enrichment methods (gravity, magnetic, and electrostatic separation) and hydrometallurgical approaches (acidic and alkaline leaching) are analyzed in detail, highlighting their efficiencies, limitations, and environmental implications. Particular emphasis is placed on modern separation strategies such as solvent extraction with organophosphorus reagents, diglycolamides, and ionic liquids, as well as extraction chromatography, nanocomposite sorbents, ion-imprinted polymers, and electrosorption on carbon-based electrodes. These techniques demonstrate significant progress in enhancing selectivity, reducing reagent consumption, and enabling recovery from low-grade and secondary feedstocks. Environmental and radiological aspects, including waste minimization, immobilization, and regulatory frameworks, are discussed as integral components of sustainable thorium management. Finally, perspectives on hybrid technologies, digital process optimization, and economic feasibility are outlined, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary approaches that combine chemistry, materials science, and environmental engineering. Collectively, the analysis highlights the transition from conventional practices to integrated, scalable, and environmentally responsible technologies for thorium recovery.
Цитирования (OpenAlex) 8Цитирования (OpenCitations) 1
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1-Carboxy-2-phenylethan-1-aminium Iodide 2-Azaniumyl-3-phenylpropanoate Crystals: Properties and Its Biochar-Based Application for Iodine Enrichment of Parsley
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2025-10-06)
Aitugan Sabitov
;
Seitzhan Turganbay
;
Almagul Kerimkulova
;
Yerlan Doszhanov
;
Karina Saurykova
Iodine deficiency remains a significant nutritional problem, which stimulates the search for sustainable approaches to biofortification of vegetable crops. The aim of the work was to develop a "smart" bio-iodine fertilizer based on the organoiodide complex 1-carboxy-2-phenylethan-1-aminium iodide 2-azaniumyl-3-phenylpropanoate (PPI) and highly porous biochar from agro-waste, assessing its efficiency on the parsley model. PPI was synthesized and characterized (IR/UV spectroscopy, thermal analysis), biochar was obtained by KOH activation and studied by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (S_BET) methods, as well as standard physicochemical characterization. The granulated composition PPI + biochar (BIOF) was tested in pot experiments in comparison with KI and control; The biomass of leaves and roots, iodine and organic nitrogen content, and antioxidant indices (ascorbic acid, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity) were assessed. BIOF provided a significant increase in yield and nutrition: leaf mass reached 86.55 g/plant versus 77.72 g/plant with KI and 65.04 g/plant in the control; root mass — up to 8.25 g/plant (p<0.05). Iodine content in leaves and roots increased to 11.86 and 13.23 mg/kg (d. w.), respectively, while organic nitrogen levels increased simultaneously (57.37 and 36.63 mg/kg). A significant increase in the antioxidant status was noted (ascorbic acid 36.46 mg/100 g dry weight; antioxidant activity 44.48 mg GA/g; polyphenols 23.79 mg GA/g). The presented data show that the combination of PPI with activated biochar forms an effective platform for controlled supply of iodine to plants, increasing the yield and functional qualities of products; the prospects for implementation are associated with field trials and dosage optimization.
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Physicochemical Characteristics and Prospects of Carbon Nanomaterials and Composites for Gas Sorption
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2026-02-04)
Nazym Asanbek
;
Almagul Kerimkulova
;
Leticia Fernández Velasco
;
Aitugan Sabitov
;
Meiram K. Atamanov
This review presents a modern comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of carbon materials for the sorption of gases. The main classes of carbon sorbents are considered as follows: nanotubes, activated carbon, graphene, fullerene, composite materials, and organic vapors. Modern methods of modification of carbon materials are systematized. Particular attention is paid to the effect of particle size, morphology, and porous structure on the kinetics and equilibrium characteristics of adsorption. The results of experimental and theoretical studies of the adsorption of the gases (CO2, SO2, NOx, H2S, NH3, and CO) are analyzed. A comparative economic analysis of carbon materials is carried out, taking into account the cost of production and estimated costs of modification. Modern areas of application of carbon sorbents are analyzed as follows: industrial gas purification, automotive filters, air conditioning systems, personal protective equipment, and gas sensors. Particular attention is paid to the study of the prospects and future of materials. Prospective development directions are considered, including the creation of hierarchically porous structures, the development of self-healing materials, and integration with artificial intelligence to optimize adsorption processes. The cost of graphene and nanotube production is predicted to decrease by 50–70% by 2030, which will lead to an expansion of their commercial application.
Цитирования (OpenAlex) 3
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Use of Urea-Modified Activated Carbon Sorbents Derived from Plant Residues for Gas Sorption
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2026-07-07)
Almagul Kerimkulova
;
Yersultan Yermoldanov
;
Aitugan Sabitov
;
Leticia Fernández Velasco
;
Nazym Asanbek
The growing demand for efficient and sustainable materials for air purification has stimulated interest in activated carbons derived from renewable biomass resources. In this study, activated carbons were prepared from rice husk, wheat straw, sawdust, and walnut shells and systematically investigated as sorbents for toxic gases and volatile organic compounds. The materials were characterized using nitrogen and water vapour sorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to evaluate their textural properties, morphology, thermal stability, and surface chemistry. The results showed that the precursor type strongly influences the pore structure and functional group composition of the activated carbons. Wheat straw and Rice husk–derived activated carbons exhibited the highest total pore volume and a well-developed porous structure, together with a high content of oxygen- and silicon-containing elements. Gas breakthrough experiments with different probes showed that wheat straw–derived activated carbon excels in VOC removal due to its highly microporous structure. In contrast, rice husk–derived activated carbon displays strong affinity toward inorganic gases such as NH₃ and, after urea modification, achieves enhanced performance for SO₂. These results underscore the versatility and practical applicability of carbon materials obtained from plant residues.

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