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Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Graphene Nanomaterials by Chemical Activation with KOH
Автор(ы)
Makpal Seitzhanova
Lyaila Tugelbayeva
Жандос Турегулович Тауанов
Дата публикации
21 ноября 2025 г.
Тип
journal article
Издатель
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Том
26
Выпуск
23
Первая страница
11255
Последняя страница
11255
ISSN
1422-0067
Аннотация
This work introduces an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective strategy for synthesizing graphene nanomaterials from agricultural residues—walnut shells and apricot stones. The synthesis pathway combines desilication, controlled pre-carbonization, chemical activation with KOH, and mild exfoliation to produce few-layer graphene with a high degree of structural order. The process, conducted at 523–573 K for pre-carbonization and 1123 K for activation, enables the formation of graphene sheets with a specific surface area of approximately 1300 m2/g, carbon content of 80–90%, and average pore diameter below 100 nm. The materials were comprehensively characterized using SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and BET analysis. Raman spectra revealed an IG/I2D ratio of ~1.5–2 a.u., confirming the presence of 4–5 graphene layers. Compared to conventional biomass-derived graphene routes, the developed approach ensures enhanced porosity, higher graphitic ordering, and improved purity, demonstrating its strong potential for energy storage, adsorptive purification, and environmentally benign nanotechnology applications.
Области науки (FoS)