Қазақ ұлттық қыздар педагогикалық университеті / Казахский национальный женский педагогический университет

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DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITE ALUMINUM POWDERS WITH ENHANCED THERMOREACTIVITY FOR ENERGETIC SYSTEMS
(2025-09-30)
Aida Artykbayeva
;
Ainur Khairullina
;
А. Е. Баккара
;
Б. С. Садыков
;
Anar Zhapekova
Introduction. In contemporary composite solid propellants, aluminum serves as a key energetic constituent; however, a passivating Al₂O₃ film on the particle surface markedly diminishes its effective reactivity. The present study aims to enhance the reaction performance of aluminum powder through mechanochemical treatment (MCT) employing functional modifiers. Commercial ASD-grade aluminum powder and GL-1 graphite were selected as the starting materials. Results and discussion. Within the experimental program, the aluminum powder was subjected to MCT with varying graphite loadings. The treatment dramatically increased the fraction of active aluminum owing to partial disruption of the oxide shell. Morphological examinations confirmed oxide removal, uniform graphite coating, and the emergence of lamellar structures measuring 20-80 nm. Thermal analysis further revealed a shift of the principal exothermic peak from 662.6 °C to 653.9 °C for the Al + 10% graphite composite, accompanied by a 27 % rise in heat release, indicative of a lower activation energy and more complete oxidation. Conversely, a 20% graphite addition reduced the thermal gain, as excess carbon shielded metallic sites. Conclusion. The graphite content of 10% is deemed optimal, providing the most favorable thermochemical behavior. The obtained results confirm that MCT of aluminum powder with graphite is an effective strategy for substantially increasing its reaction capability.
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Use of Oil Shale as a Catalyst and Hydrogen Donor in the Processing of Heavy Hydrocarbons: Accumulation of Rare Trace Elements and Production of Light Fractions
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2025-10-09)
М. И. Байкенов
;
Dariya Izbastenova
;
Xintai Su
;
Akmaral Zh. Sarsenbekova
;
A.I. Khalitova
This study presents an integrated approach to processing the heavy fraction of coal tar (HFCT) using oil shale (OS) from Shubarkol Komir JSC to simultaneously increase the yield of valuable hydrocarbon fractions and extract rare and dispersed trace elements. The lack of data on the effect of shale on the process and the kinetics of multi-component “tar + shale” systems limits the development of effective technologies. TG/DTG analysis was combined with the Friedman, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, and Šesták–Berggren methods for the first time to evaluate the role of oil shale (OS). It was shown that the addition of 13% OS provides a sustained reduction in activation energy (~85–86 kJ/mol) and optimal conditions for hydrometallization. At 420 °C, an initial H2 pressure of 4 MPa, and a reaction time of 60 min, the yield of light fractions reaches 62.6%, and the solid residue concentrates Ti, Mo, Ge, and other rare and dispersed elements reach up to 66,000 g/t in total. The possibility of extracting Ge using the Purolite C100 sorbent has also been confirmed. The novelty of the study lies in demonstrating the donor–catalytic effect of shale and the practical prospects of solid residue as a secondary mineral raw materials.
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Creation of Modified Aluminum Powders with Increased Reactivity for Energy Systems
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2025-10-14)
А. Е. Баккара
;
Ainur Khairullina
;
Aida Artykbayeva
;
Alua Maten
;
Aizhan Nugymanova
Aluminium plays a key role in developing modern energy technologies, from electrical systems to high-energy materials, providing a combination of functionality, economy, and reliability, but the oxide film on its particles reduces the effective reactivity. This work aims to increase the reactivity of aluminum powder by mechanochemical treatment using modifiers. The materials used were aluminum powder of the ASD brand and graphite of the GL-1 brand. The experiment subjected aluminum powder to mechanochemical treatment (MCT) with different graphite contents. It was shown that MCT significantly increases active aluminum content in the powder due to partial destruction of the oxide film on its surface. In addition, morphological analyses confirm the destruction of the oxide, the graphite coating, and the appearance of lamellar structures measuring 0–58 µm. Thermal analysis shows that the primary exothermic peak shifts from 662.6 °C to 653.9 °C for Al + 10% graphite, and the heat released increases by 27%, which means lower activation energy and more complete oxidation. However, at 20% graphite, the thermal gain decreases, since carbon shields the metal areas. Thus, the optimal content is 10% graphite: at this ratio, the best thermochemical behavior of the powder is achieved. The data obtained indicate that the MCT of aluminum powder with graphite effectively increases its reactivity. The resulting aluminum powders with modified particle surfaces facilitate the development of new technologies for the creation of various high-energy solid propellant systems. For rocket engines, preference is given to solid rocket propellant (SRP), which is a mixture of substances (components) capable of burning in the absence of air, producing a large amount of gaseous working fluid heated to a high temperature, providing thrust.
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Pyrotechnic Oxidizer Chemistry: Study-Normalized Performance Comparison and Bibliometric Mapping
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2026-08-18)
Kaster Kamunur
;
Dinara Muktaly
;
G. S. Beisenova
;
Aigerim Akhinzhanova
;
Tolganay Atamanova
Modern pyrotechnic materials are evolving from conventional fuel–oxidizer mixtures toward function-oriented energetic systems designed for controlled ignition, light emission, gas generation, pressure output and thermal response. This review analyzes recent progress in pyrotechnic materials through oxidizer chemistry, thermal and kinetic behavior, study-normalized performance comparison and bibliometric mapping. Representative oxidizer families, including nitrates, perchlorates, chlorates, metal oxides, hybrid oxide–salt systems, high-nitrogen salts, halogen-oxo oxidizers and coordination nitrate complexes, are compared in terms of chemical role and functional output. Thermal data show that decomposition temperature, heat release and activation energy must be interpreted together, since lower activation energy can indicate either enhanced reactivity or degradation during aging. A study-normalized relative performance factor (RPF) was used to compare performance changes within individual publications. The strongest relative improvements were associated with oxide selection, particle-size reduction, hybrid oxidizer design and coupling of nanothermites with gas-generating components. Bibliometric mapping confirmed a shift toward metal-based energetic materials, nanothermites, gas generators, combustion diagnostics, color systems and pyrotechnic devices. These trends show that oxidizer chemistry, particle architecture and additive function are increasingly selected for defined pressure, gas, light or thermal outputs.

Қазақ ұлттық қыздар педагогикалық университеті / Казахский национальный женский педагогический университет

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