ORIENTAL STUDIES

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Ideas of Jadidism and Challenges of Modernizing Kazakh Society in the Late Eighteenth and Early Twentieth Century
(2025-12-25)
M. S. Myrzabekov
;
Gulzhaukhar Kokebayeva
;
Ryskeldy Myrzabekova
Introduction. In the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, the educational movement of Jadidism spread across the Kazakh steppes. The Jadids were modernists, progressives, it was a movement for the renewal and reformation of society. In the Kazakh steppe, Jadidism emerged as a significant phenomenon that shaped national culture, ideology, and the popular enlightenment movement. Goals. The study primarily aims to analyze narratives on the development of Kazakh society in the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries containing attempts of Jadids to modernize the sociocultural, educational and political life of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The sources for this study include documents of the Chancellery of the Steppe Governor-General and Inspectors of Public Schools from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Additionally, published documentary materials and periodicals have been used as sources. In writing the article, the authors adhered to the principle of historicism. Results. Jadidism was a sociopolitical movement aimed at renewing Islamic culture and society, restructuring the Muslim school system, and implementing reforms that radically altered the content and structure of primary education. The incorporation into different territorial administrative units, on the one hand, slowed the involvement of Kazakhs into the orbit of Jadidist reforms; on the other hand, it opened opportunities for the development of independent actions by Kazakh Jadidist, whose active activities would primarily unfold in the territory of the Steppe Governorate-General. Conclusions. The reform in the field of public education undertaken by the Jadids in a European spirit at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had a most noticeable impact on the sociopolitical and spiritual life of the Kazakh people.
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«Японский след» в пейзажной лирике казахского поэта Бахытжана Канапьянова
(2023-12-29)
Zifa Kakbaevna Temirgazina
;
Olga Konstantinovna Andryuchshenko
;
Орынханова Гибадат Аманжоловна
Introduction. The influence of the Russian poetic tradition on works of Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov is a well-known fact. However, his poetry, particularly topographical lyrics, has also been influenced by Japanese culture and literature. Goals. The article attempts an insight into landscape lyrics of the Kazakh poet from how it reflects the Japanese philosophy of landscape, most fully expressed in the genres of haiku and tanka. Results. Using the structural-semiotic method, the work reveals that B. Kanapyanov’s landscape poetry is based on the Japanese principle — ‘the beauty of the moment’ which demonstrates the eternity of nature. Just like the Japanese masters of haiku and tanka, B. Kanapyanov depicts nature in small, insignificant details through human sensations and perceptions. Often these sensations complement each\ other: smells and sights, hearings and visions, etc. Traditional Japanese landscape symbolism, e.g. the moon, gets transformed in the poet’s artistic picture of the world depending on his ideological precepts. The Japanese poetic technique also influenced the formal side of B. Kanapyanov’s poetry: preference for syllabic versification, loose adherence to meter and rhyme. Such a significant influence of Japanese culture and literature is explained by the common philosophical attitude to nature among the Kazakh and the Japanese, namely: principles of unity of man and nature, harmonious coexistence of man and nature, and non-interference of man in nature. The syllabic type of versification is also characteristic of not only Japanese but also of the Kazakh language.
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