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From Coprecipitation to Nanostructure: Formation, Morphology, and Reactive-Site Accessibility in Fe-Containing Binary Layered Double Hydroxides
Автор(ы)
Дата публикации
24 сентября 2026 г.
Тип
journal article
Издатель
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Журнал
Том
16
Выпуск
19
Первая страница
1210
Последняя страница
1210
ISSN
2079-4991
Аннотация
Binary Fe-containing LDHs and structurally related layered hydroxides are being widely investigated as adsorbents, catalysts, and redox-active nanomaterials. Yet, links among coprecipitation, phase formation, nanostructure, and reactive-site accessibility remain inconsistently interpreted. This critical review evaluates studies published mainly from 2015 to July 2026 on CoFe, NiFe, MgFe, ZnFe, MnFe, CuFe, and CaFe layered hydroxides and Fe(II)/Fe(III) green rust. Coprecipitation is not a single standardized route: local supersaturation, reagent delivery, mixing, complexation, atmosphere, interlayer chemistry, and aging can alter metal incorporation and phase development, while Fe-rich transient precursors may participate under system-specific conditions. The commonly cited Fe(III) fraction of x = 0.20–0.33 is an empirical guideline rather than a universal stability window, and conventional M(II)-Fe(III) LDHs, CaFe hydrocalumite-/AFm-related phases, and green rust require distinct crystal-chemical interpretations. Nominal composition and LDH-like diffraction cannot establish homogeneous cation incorporation or phase purity. In contrast, diffraction broadening, BET area, nanosheet dimensions, and XPS fitting do not provide stand-alone evidence of defects or accessible reactive sites. Progress toward predictive synthesis requires standardized reporting, system-specific synthesis–composition–phase maps, time-resolved studies, quantitative structure–accessibility relationships, and recognition of as-synthesized, working, recovered, and regenerated materials as potentially distinct structural states, supported by uncertainty analysis, negative outcomes, and validation across laboratories.
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