Горение и Плазмохимия

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1683-3902

3078-4778

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Energetic Materials a...

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Адсорбция препарата «Вольтарен» на пористых углеродных материалах в статических и динамических условиях
(2026-04-06)
Jakpar Jandosov
;
Alzhan Baimenov
;
А.Н. Сабитов
;
Е.О. Досжанов
;
D. Chenchik
The article investigates the adsorption of diclofenac (pure API and as part of the Voltaren preparation) on porous carbon materials obtained from rice husks by chemical activation methods (H3PO4, K2CO3, KOH), as well as on synthetic carbon from xerogel. A comparative assessment of the sorption capacity and the kinetics of the process was carried out under static and dynamic conditions. It was found that the KOH-activated sample (SBET = 2610 m2/g) has the highest microporosity and demonstrates the maximum adsorption capacity (up to 956 mg/g in static and up to 1016 mg/g in a column with a fixed layer). Kinetic data is well described by a pseudo second-order model (R2 > 0.99), and dynamic adsorption is described by the Thomas model (R2 = 0.998). This allows us to predict the efficiency of sorbents in flow systems. There was no significant effect of the auxiliary components of the dosage form on the sorption process. The established patterns indicate the predominant interaction of the diclofenac molecule with the microporous carbon matrix through π–π interactions and electrostatic effects. The results obtained confirm the prospects of alkaline-activated carbon materials based on biomass for the development of effective enterosorbents for intoxication with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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One-stage synthesis of 1,1-diethoxyethane from ethanol using copper-containing catalysts
(2021-10-12)
Manshuk Mambetova
;
Kusman Dossumov
;
G.E. Ergaziyeva
;
Moldir Anissova
;
Bedelzhan B. Baizhomartov
The conversion of ethanol on low-percentage copper-containing catalysts at temperatures of 300 oC and 350 oC was studied. γ-Al2O3, SiO2 and HZSM-5 were studied as the carrier of the active phase. It is shown that the main direction of ethanol conversion on low percentage copper-containing catalysts is its dehydrogenation and subsequent conversion of the resulting products into 1,1-diethoxyethane. Among the studied catalysts (1 wt.% CuO/Al2O3, 1 wt.% CuO/SiO2 and 1 wt.% CuO/ HZSM-5 the most active in the production of 1,1-diethoxyethane was 1 wt.% CuO/Al2O3, modification of it with cerium oxide led to an increase in its activity in the formation of 1,1-diethoxyethane, at the reaction temperature of 350 oС, the yield of the target product was 27 vol.%. The results showed that the modification of CuO/Al2O3 leads to an increase in the catalytic activity of the sample.
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Conversion of bioethanol over oxide catalysts
(2019-01-24)
Gaukhar Yergaziyeva
;
Samal Tayrabekova
;
Manshuk Mambetova
;
S. Ozganbayeva
;
S. Smagulova
The conversion of bioethanol over supported oxide catalysts (CuO, ZnO, Cr2O3, CeO2) was studied, among which the most active in the production of hydrogen is 3% CuO/γ-Al2O3. Modification of 3% CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with Cr2O3, ZnO and CeO2 promotes the growth of hydrogen yield. The highest concentration of hydrogen at 300° C and a space velocity of 1 h-1 on CuO-ZnO / γ-Al2O3 was 48% by volume. The acidity of catalysts for adsorption-desorption of pyridine by infrared spectroscopy (ITI Matson FTIR) was determined. When the content of CuO in the catalyst is increased from 1 to 3%, the amount of Lewis acidic centers (LAS) increases from 58 to 82 μmol/gcat. Modification with chromium oxide of the copper catalyst increases the number of LAS from 82 to 156 μmol/gcat by adsorption of pyridine at 150° C and from 79 to 120 μmol/gcat with pyridine adsorption at 250 °C. It has been established that an increase in the number of Lewis acid sites has a positive effect on the yield of hydrogen in the conversion of bioethanol. According to electron microscopy, the modification of catalysts leads to an increase in the dispersity of the catalyst and to a uniform distribution of particles on the surface of the catalyst, which also contributes to its greater activity in the production of hydrogen.
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Биошикізат негізіндегі кеуекті көміртекті сорбциялық материалдар алу және физика-химиялық қасиеттерін зерттеу
(2026-04-06)
А.Р. Керимкулова
;
Е.Ж. Ермолданов
;
Н.М. Асанбек
;
М.К. Атаманов
;
А.Н. Жумагалиева
For the first time, an approach to the production of highly efficient porous carbon sorption materials based on lignocellulose agricultural waste has been developed and a comprehensive assessment of their physico-chemical properties has been carried out. Rice husks (RH), walnut shells (WSh), wheat straw (WSt) and pine sawdust (PS) were used as raw materials. The resulting carbonysates were chemically activated with potassium hydroxide at different mass ratios of the activating agent and the carbon matrix. To increase the surface chemical activity of sorbents, potassium hydroxide was used. The morphology of the surface and the elemental composition of the synthesized materials were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion analysis, and the functional groups were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It has been established that an increase in the degree of activation leads to the development of a hierarchical porous structure with the formation of micro-, meso- and macropores, as well as to an increase in the content of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of carbon materials. The greatest microporosity was achieved with a KOH:carbon mass ratio of 1:4. The formed functional structure helps to increase the sorption capacity of materials in relation to toxic pollutants of various nature. The results obtained confirm the prospects of using synthesized carbon sorbents as environmentally safe and economically feasible materials for cleaning air and water environments.
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Production and optimization of activated carbon from plant waste with high specific surface area for moisture-saving applications in agriculture
(2024-10-20)
Yerlan Doszhanov
;
Aitugan Sabitov
;
Karina Saurykova
;
Zulkhair Aimukhametovich Mansurov
;
М С Курманбаева
In conditions of water shortage, sustainable agricultural development requires the use of water-saving technologies, including the use of water-retaining substrates based on activated carbon. In this work, the textural and adsorption characteristics of activated carbon obtained from plant waste were studied at different mass ratios of the sorbent and KOH (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4). The aim of the study was to determine the optimal activation conditions for creating a material with a high specific surface area and a developed porous structure. The results showed that the largest pore volume (1.6 cm3/g) and a high degree of microporosity are achieved at a ratio of 1:3, which is confirmed by the analysis of pore distribution using the DFT and BJH methods. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups (O–H, C=O and C–O) that contribute to water conservation. The differential pore volume distribution (dv(r), cm3/Å/g) also demonstrated that at a ratio of sorbent and KOH (1:3), the sample structure optimally combines micropores and mesopores, which increases the adsorption capacity of carbon.
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