Bulletin of the Karaganda University Philology series

The article examines the address as a type of speech act. A comparative analysis of nominative forms of address and forms of address to the addressee in Turkish and Arabic was carried out, which are used in the speech etiquette of Turkish and Arabic in the informal sphere. On the basis of the comparative analysis, we came to the conclusion that many norms of etiquette, which refer to the field of gender relations or to the family and domestic sphere, in Turkish and Arabic have differences. The appeals used in speech carry more information about the social status of communicants, their relations with each other. In Turkish and Arabic etiquette, the form of address is chosen depending on the communicant: very important is not only the social status, but also age, gender, education and place of your communication. As examples, we present addresses that play a crucial role in the act of communication, as a segment of speech that serves as a signal to start communication, a form of speech to attract the attention of interlocutors, or to accentuate attention.

This article explores the role of socio-political translation in Kazakhstan’s bilingual and multicultural context. As a country where both Kazakh and Russian are widely used in political, administrative, and public communication, Kazakhstan presents a unique environment for examining the translation of socio-political discourse. The study focuses on the translation of political texts from Kazakh into Russian and investigates the linguistic, cultural, and ideological challenges involved in this process. Particular attention is given to the sociolinguistic strategies employed by translators to preserve ideological neutrality, accurately convey pragmatic meaning, manage lexical hybridization, and ensure intercultural adaptation. Socio-political texts often contain culturally specific references, political terminology, and implicit meanings that require careful interpretation. Therefore, translators play a crucial mediating role in ensuring that messages remain clear, appropriate, and effective for diverse audiences. The analysis draws on examples from presidential speeches, government statements, and news media sources, including official outlets such as Akorda.kz, Kazinform, and Egemen Qazaqstan, as well as independent media platforms like Zakon.kz and Tengrinews. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the works of prominent scholars in translation studies and sociolinguistics. It incorporates Fishman’s views on bilingual societies and language use, Nida’s equivalence theory, Bell’s model of translation as communication, Venuti’s domestication and foreignization strategies, and Baker’s perspectiveson narrative and ideology in translation. These approaches help explain how translators negotiate meaning across linguistic and cultural boundaries. The findings reveal that effective socio-political translation in Kazakhstan requires balancing fidelity to the source text with clarity, accessibility, and cultural resonance for the target audience. Translators frequently apply strategies such as literal translation, explicitation, neutralization, borrowing, and adaptation to preserve both meaning and communicative intent. A comparative table of translation strategies and socio-pragmatic shifts summarizes these techniques and their effects. The article concludes that socio-political translation serves as an essential bridge between linguistic communities, promoting mutual understanding, supporting intercultural communication, and reinforcing national identity in Kazakhstan’s multicultural society.

Bulletin of the Karaganda University Philology series

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