Sensors

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1424-8220

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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Advanced Neural Netwo...

Context-Aware Activit...

Inertial Sensor and N...

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Non-Invasive Vital Si...

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Wearable ECG Device and Machine Learning for Heart Monitoring
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2024-06-28)
Zhadyra N. Alimbayeva
;
Chingiz A. Alimbayev
;
Кassymbek Ozhikenov
;
Nurlan A. Bayanbay
;
Aiman K. Ozhikenova
With cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remaining a leading cause of mortality, wearable devices for monitoring cardiac activity have gained significant, renewed interest among the medical community. This paper introduces an innovative ECG monitoring system based on a single-lead ECG machine, enhanced using machine learning methods. The system only processes and analyzes ECG data, but it can also be used to predict potential heart disease at an early stage. The wearable device was built on the ADS1298 and a microcontroller STM32L151xD. A server module based on the architecture style of the REST API was designed to facilitate interaction with the web-based segment of the system. The module is responsible for receiving data in real time from the microcontroller and delivering this data to the web-based segment of the module. Algorithms for analyzing ECG signals have been developed, including band filter artifact removal, K-means clustering for signal segmentation, and PQRST analysis. Machine learning methods, such as isolation forests, have been employed for ECG anomaly detection. Moreover, a comparative analysis with various machine learning methods, including logistic regression, random forest, SVM, XGBoost, decision forest, and CNNs, was conducted to predict the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Convoluted neural networks (CNN) showed an accuracy of 0.926, proving their high effectiveness for ECG data processing.
Цитирования (OpenAlex) 55Цитирования (OpenCitations) 30
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Optical Sensor System for 3D Jones Matrix Reconstruction of Optical Anisotropy Maps of Self-Assembled Polycrystalline Soft Matter Films
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2024-02-29)
Waldemar Wójcik
;
Zhengbing Hu
;
Yuriy Ushenko
;
Andrzej Smolarz
;
Ірина Василівна Солтис
Our work uses a polarization matrix formalism to analyze and algorithmically represent optical anisotropy by open dehydration of blood plasma films. Analytical relations for Jones matrix reconstruction of optical birefringence maps of protein crystal networks of dehydrated biofluid films are found. A technique for 3D step-by-step measurement of the distributions of the elements of the Jones matrix or Jones matrix images (JMI) of the optically birefringent structure of blood plasma films (BPF) has been created. Correlation between JMI maps and corresponding birefringence images of dehydrated BPF and saliva films (SF) obtained from donors and prostate cancer patients was determined. Within the framework of statistical analysis of layer-by-layer optical birefringence maps, the parameters most sensitive to pathological changes in the structure of dehydrated films were found to be the central statistical moments of the 1st to 4th orders. We physically substantiated and experimentally determined the sensitivity of the method of 3D polarization scanning technique of BPF and SF preparations in the diagnosis of endometriosis of uterine tissue.
Цитирования (OpenAlex) 26
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Development and Pilot Evaluation of a Wearable 12-Lead ECG System for Multilead Feature Analysis in Individuals with Different Glycemic Status
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2026-03-04)
Chingiz A. Alimbayev
;
Zhadyra N. Alimbayeva
;
Кassymbek Ozhikenov
;
Kairat Karibayev
;
Zhansila Orynbay
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes often develop silently and may remain undiagnosed for years. This is particularly relevant in regions where laboratory-based screening is not always readily accessible. Against this background, the present work explores whether multilead electrocardiography can provide physiologically meaningful markers potentially associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism. We developed and tested an upgraded wearable 12-lead ECG system capable of synchronized multichannel recording under controlled conditions. ECG signals were acquired in sitting and standing positions, with a sampling frequency of 500 Hz and a recording duration of one minute per posture. The hardware architecture included a high resolution analog front-end and wireless data transmission; the accompanying software provided acquisition control, preprocessing, visualization, and data storage within a unified framework. Signal processing focused on the extraction of rhythm-related and morphological parameters, with particular attention to ventricular repolarization indices. QT interval, heart rate-corrected QT (QTc), and QT dispersion (QTd) were calculated across leads, as these parameters are known to reflect heterogeneity of repolarization and autonomic influences on myocardial electrophysiology. The analysis was structured to ensure reproducible boundary detection and systematic feature formation rather than isolated parameter measurement. The study had a pilot character and included a limited and unbalanced sample (healthy n = 10; prediabetes n = 1; T2DM n = 1). For this reason, the results are presented descriptively and should be regarded as preliminary observations. In representative cases, differences in QT-related indices were noted between categories of glycemic status; however, the potential influence of age, sex, and other confounders cannot be excluded. A pilot expert comparison of T-wave end detection demonstrated close agreement between the automated algorithm and cardiologist assessment (mean ΔTend approximately -1 to -2 ms; MAE 10-24 ms). Diagnostic performance metrics such as ROC/AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were not calculated at this stage, as validation in a larger cohort with biochemical confirmation (HbA1c, OGTT) is required. The study demonstrates the technical feasibility of combining synchronized 12-lead wearable acquisition with structured multilead repolarization analysis. The proposed system should therefore be considered a research platform intended to support further clinical validation and methodological development rather than a finished screening solution.
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Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Wearable 12-Lead Electrocardiographic Platform with Automated ECG Analysis for Telemedicine Applications
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2026-08-30)
Zhadyra N. Alimbayeva
;
Chingiz A. Alimbayev
;
Kassymbek Ozhikenov
;
Kairat Karibayev
;
Aiman K. Ozhikenova
Wearable electrocardiographic technologies have become increasingly important for continuous cardiac monitoring; however, most existing portable systems are limited by the number of recorded leads or provide only basic signal acquisition without advanced automated analysis. This study presents a third-generation wearable twelve-lead electrocardiographic platform developed for multilead ECG acquisition and automated spatial ECG analysis. Compared with the previous generation, the hardware modification primarily consists of architectural consolidation: functions previously distributed across an STM32 microcontroller and separate wireless communication modules are integrated into a single ESP32-S3-based architecture, while the ECG acquisition principle, ten-electrode configuration, and sampling rate remain unchanged. The main methodological contribution of the present work is the software pipeline for lead-specific ST80 measurement and analysis of ST-segment deviations across anatomically contiguous leads. The system uses an ADS1298 analog front-end for synchronized multichannel ECG acquisition. The host software performs digital preprocessing, R-peak detection, ECG feature extraction, twelve-lead reconstruction, lead-specific ST80 measurement, contiguous-lead analysis, and generation of a preliminary computer-assisted ECG report. The developed platform was clinically evaluated using sequential recordings acquired with the proposed system and a reference clinical electrocardiograph. Quantitative comparison of automated PR, QRS, QT, and QTc measurements in 30 paired recordings demonstrated positive correlations with the reference BTL Flexi 12 ECG (r = 0.756–0.820, all p < 0.001), with mean absolute errors ranging from 2.53 ms for QRS duration to 10.40 ms for the QT interval. The system successfully recorded diagnostically interpretable twelve-lead ECGs in all participants and produced stable signal quality suitable for clinical assessment. The software automatically identified ECG waves and intervals, reconstructed twelve-lead recordings, evaluated ST-segment deviations across individual leads, and localized ischemia-related changes according to standard anatomical lead groups. Integration of signal acquisition, processing, visualization, and automated interpretation into a single telemedicine-oriented platform reduced hardware complexity while maintaining reliable multichannel ECG monitoring. The proposed wearable platform demonstrates the feasibility of combining compact embedded hardware with automated multilead ECG analysis for remote cardiovascular monitoring. The presented architecture provides a practical foundation for telemedicine applications and may support earlier recognition of clinically significant electrocardiographic abnormalities during ambulatory monitoring.

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