ES Energy & Environments

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Adaptation Features of Gentiana tianschanica Rupr. Populations to Environmental Factors in Kazakhstan
(2024-01-01)
Бекзат Тыныбеков
;
Moldir Imanaliyeva
;
Askhat Kuatbayev
;
Gulmira Satybaldiyeva
;
Elmira Boribay
The study investigates the current state, floristic composition, and ecological characteristics of Gentiana tianschanica populations in the Ile-Alatau region, part of the Ile-Alatau National Park, Kazakhstan.Gentiana L., an ancient boreal genus, includes 31 species in Kazakhstan, such as the endemic Gentiana dschungarica.Known for medicinal uses, especially for gastrointestinal and urogenital disorders, interest in gentians has risen for ornamental and pharmacological applications.Nine natural populations of G. tianschanica were studied in diverse ecological and phytocoenotic conditions of the Ile-Alatau mountains.Soil analyses revealed significant differences in the physicochemical properties of the species' habitats.In the Kimasar Gorge, mountain-meadow chestnut soils with a light loamy texture were observed, while the Big Almaty Gorge featured dark chestnut soils rich in humus (7.36-18.78%)and nutrients such as nitrogen (120.4-140.0mg/kg), phosphorus (58-98 mg/kg), and potassium (470-1000 mg/kg).These findings emphasize the species 'adaptation to varying altitudinal and climatic zones.Phytochemical analysis showed G. tianschanica is rich in bioactive compounds, including phenolics, bitter glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids.Total phenol content reached 1567.17-9008.20mg of gallic acid/100 g, with the highest levels in leaves.Flavonoids (up to 1358.25 mg catechin/100 g) and vitamin C (up to 244.7 mg/100 g) were significant.Syringic acid (1685.8mg/100 g), quercetin (317.4 mg/100 g), and chlorogenic acid (237.5 mg/100 g) highlighted antioxidant and antiinflammatory potential.The antioxidant activity, particularly in leaves, reached 530.30 mg Trolox/100 g.Anthropogenic threats, including overgrazing and habitat disturbance, have led to declining populations, necessitating conservation strategies like habitat monitoring, protective regimes, and sustainable medicinal plant use.This study underscores the ecological and phytochemical significance of G. tianschanica, which is vital for biodiversity conservation and pharmaceutical development.
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Evaluating the Status of Humulus Lupulus Populations in Kazakhstan: Implications for Conservation, Sustainability and Forest Ecosystem Management
(2025-01-01)
Aigul Yedilova
;
Zarina Arkenzhanovna Inelova
;
Marina Zhamanbayeva
;
Lashyn N. Kiyekbayeva
;
G. К. Yerubayeva
Environmental protection plays a key role in maintaining biodiversity and conserving ecosystems, including plant populations with high ecological potential.Humulus lupulus (H.lupulus), commonly known as hops, belongs to the Cannabaceae family and is a plant known for its rich phytochemical composition and wide range of bioactive properties.This study provides an ecological analysis and geobotanical assessment of H. lupulus populations in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan.Fieldwork conducted in July 2023 covered five regions: Almaty, Talgar, Enbekshikazakh, Sarkan, and Alakol.Plant identification was confirmed using herbarium resources, and geobotanical analysis was conducted using route surveys and the Drude scale.The floristic composition and age-related characteristics of each population were determined.The results identified five distinct populations, each characterized by unique ecological and phytocenotic features.Dense clonal groups were found in Almaty, while floristic composition varied in the Enbekshikazakh and Sarkan regions.Soil analysis revealed a wide range of humus content (from low to high), slightly alkaline pH, and significant variation in the concentrations of phosphorus (26-162 mg/kg), potassium (270-430 mg/kg), and zinc (3.8-57.3mg/kg).The study emphasizes the remarkable adaptability of H. lupulus to diverse conditions and its susceptibility to anthropogenic pressure.This research underscores the significant impact of human activity on the environmental condition.To minimize the anthropogenic impact on the biosphere, it is essential to develop innovative approaches aimed at optimizing the use of natural resources, strengthening measures for biodiversity conservation, and restoring disrupted elements of ecological balance.Of particular importance in this context is the protection of H. lupulus populations as a critical component of ecosystem processes.A comprehensive approach to addressing these challenges will ensure long-term ecological sustainability and the preservation of natural heritage for future generations.

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