Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Phytochemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of different solvent extracts of Ajania fastigiata (C. Winkl.) Poljakov
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2025-01-01)
Assem Mamurova
;
G. Kairanova
;
G.A. Amеrtayeva
;
Aigul Yedilova
;
Asylkhan A. Rakhymzhan
This study investigates the phytochemical composition and biological activities of six solvent extracts-hexane, ethyl acetate, and hydroethanolic fractions-from the roots and aerial parts of Ajania fastigiata (C. Winkl.) Poljakov (Asteraceae), collected in the mountain regions of southeastern Kazakhstan. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the aerial ethyl acetate extract contained the highest levels of bioactive metabolites, including phenolic compounds (34.22 ± 1.98 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (2.74%), organic acids (1.91%), and coumarins (0.54%). Antioxidant potential was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging assays, with values of SC50 = 133.98 ± 12.91 µg/mL (DPPH) and 209.21 ± 3.70 mg Trolox/g (ABTS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), determined by the broth microdilution method, showed strong antimicrobial activity of the aerial ethyl acetate fraction, particularly against P.aeruginosa (MIC = 9 µg/mL) and E.faecalis (MIC = 39 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT assay on NIH-3T3, K562, and Saos cell lines. The aerial ethyl acetate fraction exhibited selective cytotoxic effects, with IC50 values of 210 µg/mL for K562 and 360 µg/mL for Saos, while showing negligible activity toward normal fibroblasts (IC50 > 2500 µg/mL). These results confirm the pharmacological potential of A.fastigiata as a promising natural source of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.
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Comparative phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of leaves, stems, and roots of Euphorbia yaroslavii Poljakov.
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2026-01-01)
Abibulla Ametov
;
Marzhankul Dauletbayeva
;
М.О. Айтжанова
;
Zaida Rakhimova
;
Sarsembayeva Aiman
Euphorbia yaroslavii Poljakov. is a rare plant species endemic to Kazakhstan whose phytochemical composition has remained largely unexplored. This study presents the first organ-specific phytochemical and GC-MS characterization of the leaves, stems, and roots of this species. Quantitative analyses indicated pronounced metabolic differentiation among plant organs. Roots were characterized by high contents of total phenolics (58.2 ± 2.5 mg GAE/g DW), coumarins (2.48%), and mineral components (total ash 13.22%), while leaves exhibited the highest tannin content (2.35%). The maximum flavonoid content was observed in roots (0.27%), whereas stems contained the highest level of ascorbic acid (0.70 mg/g DW). GC-MS profiling tentatively identified 68 compounds in leaf extracts, 65 in stem extracts, and 39 in root extracts. Root extracts were dominated by fatty acids and triterpenoid-sterol constituents, including octadecanoic acid (18.9%), hexadecanoic acid (17.5%), β-amyrin (5.2%), and lanosterol (4.9%). Overall, the results indicate organ-specific metabolic specialization in Euphorbia yaroslavii Poljakov. and provide a reliable phytochemical baseline for future bioactivity-oriented and conservation-related studies.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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