Brazilian Journal of Biology

ISSN

1519-6984

1678-4375

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Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil)

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Fish biology, ecology...

Fish Biology and Ecol...

Insect-Plant Interact...

Freshwater macroinver...

Aquatic Ecosystems an...

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Показано: 1 - 6 из 6

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Culturable rhizosphere bacteria associated with Alcea nudiflora (Lindl.) Boiss. in the Zailiyskiy Alatau (Kazakhstan): isolation, characterization and functional potential
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2026-01-01)
Akerke Abil
;
Kadir Akan
;
Zhansaya Abdukadirova
;
Damira Yussayeva
;
G. D. Ultanbekova
Abstract The rhizosphere of medicinal plants represents a reservoir of culturable bacteria with potential value for plant protection and biotechnology. In this study, we characterized the culturable rhizosphere bacterial community associated with Alcea nudiflora (Lindl.) Boiss. collected from three sites in the Zailiyskiy Alatau. Rhizosphere microorganisms were isolated using tenfold serial dilutions followed by plating on meat-peptone agar and oatmeal agar, purified by streaking, and phenotypically characterized by colony morphology, Gram staining, and motility assays. Nineteen morphologically distinct isolates were recovered and grouped into four morphotypes: Streptomyces-like actinomycetes, Bacillus-like spore-forming rods, coryneform bacteria, and coccoid forms. All isolates showed a Gram-positive reaction. Antagonistic activity was screened using agar well diffusion, disk diffusion, and agar block assays against test microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, C. utilis, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium chrysogenum). Several isolates exhibited broad or target-specific antagonism, including strains 5/1 (balanced antibacterial and antifungal activity), 4/7 and 7/1 (anti-staphylococcal activity), 9/3 and 8/2 (antifungal activity, including against Candida spp.), and 1/2 (specific activity against A. niger). Overall, these results provide a baseline characterization of the culturable rhizosphere bacteria associated with Alcea nudiflora (Lindl.) Boiss. in this region and identify candidate isolates for molecular identification and plant-focused validation.
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Phytochemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of different solvent extracts of Ajania fastigiata (C. Winkl.) Poljakov
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2025-01-01)
Assem Mamurova
;
G. Kairanova
;
G.A. Amеrtayeva
;
Aigul Yedilova
;
Asylkhan A. Rakhymzhan
This study investigates the phytochemical composition and biological activities of six solvent extracts-hexane, ethyl acetate, and hydroethanolic fractions-from the roots and aerial parts of Ajania fastigiata (C. Winkl.) Poljakov (Asteraceae), collected in the mountain regions of southeastern Kazakhstan. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the aerial ethyl acetate extract contained the highest levels of bioactive metabolites, including phenolic compounds (34.22 ± 1.98 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (2.74%), organic acids (1.91%), and coumarins (0.54%). Antioxidant potential was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging assays, with values of SC50 = 133.98 ± 12.91 µg/mL (DPPH) and 209.21 ± 3.70 mg Trolox/g (ABTS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), determined by the broth microdilution method, showed strong antimicrobial activity of the aerial ethyl acetate fraction, particularly against P.aeruginosa (MIC = 9 µg/mL) and E.faecalis (MIC = 39 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT assay on NIH-3T3, K562, and Saos cell lines. The aerial ethyl acetate fraction exhibited selective cytotoxic effects, with IC50 values of 210 µg/mL for K562 and 360 µg/mL for Saos, while showing negligible activity toward normal fibroblasts (IC50 > 2500 µg/mL). These results confirm the pharmacological potential of A.fastigiata as a promising natural source of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.
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Effect of O,O-diethyl-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-(1-ethynylcyclohexylaminomethyl)phosphonate on growth, and yield of vegetable crops
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2026-01-01)
Dariga Batayeva
;
Б. Ж. Джиембаев
;
Banu Diyarova
;
A. B. Kuandykova
Abstract This study investigates the effect of O,O-diethyl-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-(1-ethynylcyclohexylaminomethyl)phosphonate (BA-3) on seed germination, plant growth, and yield of agricultural crops, including carrot, beetroot, and potato. The results indicate that seed germination increased by 14.0% and 27.0% at BA-3 concentrations of 0.002% and 0.0002%, respectively, compared to the control. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that treatment with BA-3 (0.0002% solution) enhanced germination energy by 16.0% and 22.0%, respectively. The reference standard HAU (0.06%) improved germination energy by 13.0% and overall germination by 12.0%. In addition, treatment of potato tubers with BA-3 resulted in a significant increase in the number of awakened buds, by 43.0% at 0.002% and 53.0% at 0.0002%, relative to the control. Field trials showed that the application of BA-3 at a concentration of 0.002% increased carrot yield by 4.0 t/ha (18.2%), while at 0.0002% the increase reached 4.8 t/ha (21.8%). For beetroot, treatment with BA-3 at 0.0002% led to a yield increase of 5.8 t/ha (22.3%) compared to the control. Similarly, potato yield increased by 3.6 t/ha (15.9%) at 0.002% and by 6.8 t/ha (30.0%) at 0.0002%. Overall, the obtained results demonstrate that BA-3 effectively stimulates plant growth and development, leading to improved productivity and enhanced agronomic performance of the studied crops.
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Comparative phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of leaves, stems, and roots of Euphorbia yaroslavii Poljakov.
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2026-01-01)
Abibulla Ametov
;
Marzhankul Dauletbayeva
;
М.О. Айтжанова
;
Zaida Rakhimova
;
Sarsembayeva Aiman
Euphorbia yaroslavii Poljakov. is a rare plant species endemic to Kazakhstan whose phytochemical composition has remained largely unexplored. This study presents the first organ-specific phytochemical and GC-MS characterization of the leaves, stems, and roots of this species. Quantitative analyses indicated pronounced metabolic differentiation among plant organs. Roots were characterized by high contents of total phenolics (58.2 ± 2.5 mg GAE/g DW), coumarins (2.48%), and mineral components (total ash 13.22%), while leaves exhibited the highest tannin content (2.35%). The maximum flavonoid content was observed in roots (0.27%), whereas stems contained the highest level of ascorbic acid (0.70 mg/g DW). GC-MS profiling tentatively identified 68 compounds in leaf extracts, 65 in stem extracts, and 39 in root extracts. Root extracts were dominated by fatty acids and triterpenoid-sterol constituents, including octadecanoic acid (18.9%), hexadecanoic acid (17.5%), β-amyrin (5.2%), and lanosterol (4.9%). Overall, the results indicate organ-specific metabolic specialization in Euphorbia yaroslavii Poljakov. and provide a reliable phytochemical baseline for future bioactivity-oriented and conservation-related studies.
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Application of N-(1-ethynylcyclohexyl)amide of O,O-diethyl-phosphoric acid as a growth stimulant for vegetable crops
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2025-01-01)
A. B. Kuandykova
;
Б. Ж. Джиембаев
;
Banu Diyarova
;
Nazgul Akimbayeva
;
Nurgul Zhumanova
This paper examines the effect of N-(1-ethynylcyclohexyl)amide O,O-diethylphosphoric acid (BA-4) on seed germination, growth and yield of the agricultural crops (carrot, beetroot, potato). As a result, seed germination in the concentrations of 0.001 and 0.0001% of BA-4 has increased by 7.0 and 19.0%, compared to the control. The results of the laboratory studies have shown that the treatment of with the BA-4 (0.0001% solution) has increased the seed germination energy by 11.0 and 17.0%, respectively. The HAU standard (0.06%) has increased the germination energy by 9.0% and germination by 10.0%. The results of the laboratory studies have shown that the use of BA-4 for treating the tubers has increased the number of awakened buds by 43.0% (0.001%) and 60.0% (0.0001%), compared to the control. When using BA-4 in the concentration of 0.001%, the carrot yield has increased by 3.5 t/ha or 15.9%, and in the concentration of 0.0001% - by 5.0 t/ha or 22.7%. When beetroot seeds were treated with the BA-4 preparation at a 0.0001% concentration, the yield increase compared to the control was 6.3 t/ha or 24.2%. The potato yield has increased from the use of BA-4 in concentration of 0.001% by 4.3 t/ha or 18.9%, compared to the control; in the concentration of 0.0001% - by 7.3 t/ha or 32.2%. The achieved results of increasing the yield of BA-4 are an effective stimulation of plant growth and development, contribute to an increase in the yield and ensure the compliance with the agricultural crop indicators.
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Soil morphological and chemical characteristics in the habitats of the rare, endemic plant Spiraeanthus schrenkianus in Karatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2025-01-01)
A Muratbayeva
;
Akmaral Nurmahanova
;
Канат Кулымбет
;
A. T. Myltykbayeva
;
Aigul Аkhmetova
BACKGROUND: The article presents the results of the study of ecological characteristics of soils of three populations on the territory of Karatau. The populations were located in different geographical points with differences in soil types, depth of horizons and content of chemical elements. The study evaluated the main soil parameters including humus content, pH, CO2, macro- and microelements, and salinity level. It was found that population-1 (mountain gray-brown soils) was characterized by the highest content of humus and mobile nitrogen, indicating better availability of nutrients to plants. population-2 (mountain southern serozems) has higher potassium content, which is favourable for plant growth. population-3 (mountain gray-brown soils) showed the lowest content of mobile phosphorus and copper compared to other populations. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations showed that zinc exceeded the maximum permissible concentration only in population-2. At the same time, soil salinization at all three sites remains at a low level and does not pose a threat to the ecosystem. These findings are ecologically significant as they reveal the critical role of soil fertility and contamination in supporting the distribution and survival of the rare endemic species Spiraeanthus schrenkianus. These results provide new information for assessing the fertility and sustainability of land resources.
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