Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Development of a two-component biological system for soil bioremediation and fertility restoration and its pilot efficiency assessment
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2026-01-01)
G.U. Baitasheva
;
А. S. Mussina
;
Ayaulym Umbettulla
;
Khaiyrnisa Aisakulova
;
S. Kabdrakhmanova
Abstract This article discusses the development and experimental evaluation of a two-component biosystem for the bioremediation of contaminated soils and restoration of their fertility. The proposed system includes a combination of degradative microorganisms and an organomineral biocomponent that improve the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil. The study aims to reduce the level of toxic pollutants, increase soil biological activity, and restore agrochemical parameters necessary for sustainable land management. During pilot trials on prepared model soils before introducing the biosystem, control and experimental groups were established and Phaseolus vulgaris growth rates, changes in phytotoxicity levels, microbiological activity, and soil fertility indicators were assessed. The results demonstrate the high effectiveness of the developed two-component biosystem approach: a reduction in pollutant concentrations, i.e., an improvement in soil structure, and the most pronounced changes in pH were observed with AKKU-36 + P. fluorescens + P. putida +. It was found that pH values in the Epin-Extra variant changed within the range of 6.04–5.80, demonstrating a synergistic effect. The introduction of the two bacteria together with AKKU-36 and, if necessary, Epin-Extra demonstrated an increased ability to support maximum plant growth. The bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida effectively degraded organic pollutants (DDT, Aktara); the seeds in the control variant did not germinate at all, while the other variants showed their bioindices at their level, which confirms their bioremediation activity. The proposed two-component biosystem can be considered a promising, environmentally friendly method for restoring disturbed lands, suitable for use in agriculture and for the environmental rehabilitation of areas affected by anthropogenic impacts.
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Soil morphological and chemical characteristics in the habitats of the rare, endemic plant Spiraeanthus schrenkianus in Karatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2025-01-01)
A Muratbayeva
;
Akmaral Nurmahanova
;
Канат Кулымбет
;
A. T. Myltykbayeva
;
Aigul Аkhmetova
BACKGROUND: The article presents the results of the study of ecological characteristics of soils of three populations on the territory of Karatau. The populations were located in different geographical points with differences in soil types, depth of horizons and content of chemical elements. The study evaluated the main soil parameters including humus content, pH, CO2, macro- and microelements, and salinity level. It was found that population-1 (mountain gray-brown soils) was characterized by the highest content of humus and mobile nitrogen, indicating better availability of nutrients to plants. population-2 (mountain southern serozems) has higher potassium content, which is favourable for plant growth. population-3 (mountain gray-brown soils) showed the lowest content of mobile phosphorus and copper compared to other populations. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations showed that zinc exceeded the maximum permissible concentration only in population-2. At the same time, soil salinization at all three sites remains at a low level and does not pose a threat to the ecosystem. These findings are ecologically significant as they reveal the critical role of soil fertility and contamination in supporting the distribution and survival of the rare endemic species Spiraeanthus schrenkianus. These results provide new information for assessing the fertility and sustainability of land resources.
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