The International Journal of Communication and Linguistic Studies

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Real-Time Subtitling in the Streaming Era
(2026-07-24)
Muratbek B. Toktagazin
;
Gulmira Amangeldiyeva
;
Lazzat Adilbekova
;
Rakhmet Kulaikhan
;
Sholpan Sagatova
The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of real-time automatic subtitling systems in the context of global streaming platforms. The methodology was based on a comprehensive approach that combined an overview of automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies, neural machine translation and large language models, and an analysis of practical use cases (YouTube Live Captions, Zoom Auto-Caption, Netflix). As a result, it was found that the integration of ASR, neural machine translation, and large language models ensured the speed of speech stream processing, system scalability, and the possibility of multilingual coverage. At the same time, significant limitations were identified: reduced accuracy when working in noisy environments or with agglutinative languages, inaccurate reproduction of culturally marked expressions, and problems with synchronizing text with video. Case studies showed that YouTube experienced quality instability and the risk of incorrect subtitles, Zoom focused on organizational accessibility management, and Netflix prioritized regulatory and editorial control in accordance with its style guide. A comparative analysis of standards showed that automated systems did not ensure consistent compliance with the requirements of accuracy, readability, and cultural adaptation, even with a low error rate. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to improve automated subtitling systems and develop hybrid models capable of combining algorithmic solutions with editorial control to ensure compliance with international quality standards.
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Language and Religion as Sign Systems
(2026-06-26)
Aigul Onalbayeva
;
Nurlan Kairbekov
This study analyzes the interaction between language and religion as interconnected sign systems that influence national culture. It aims to identify the mechanisms through which religious and linguistic symbols shape collective values and cultural identity. The methodology combines semiotic, linguistic, and religious studies, along with a comparative analysis of regional cases. Results show that in Kyrgyzstan, China, India, Iran, and Kazakhstan, religious vocabulary is integrated into national languages, forming hybrid expressions and enhancing the symbolic meaning of everyday speech. The analysis of religious texts and rituals in Arabic, Sanskrit, Chinese, Persian, and Turkic reveals common semantic fields related to sacred concepts like purification, sacrifice, enlightenment, and mercy. In Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, Islamic and Tengri codes coexist, while in Iran, Shiite and Zoroastrian symbolism overlaps, and in China, Buddhist and Confucian practices interact. The study also highlights how ritual practices adapt under the influence of modern media and global transformations. For example, in China, hieroglyphic signs strengthen links between national culture and religious identity, while in India, the preservation of sacred terms demonstrates the resilience of the Vedic tradition. This study broadens the understanding of how language and religion interact in different cultural contexts.

The International Journal of Communication and Linguistic Studies

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