Қазақ ұлттық қыздар педагогикалық университеті / Казахский национальный женский педагогический университет

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2024 - 20262

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    Қазақстан мектептерінің түлектері арасында кәсіптік бағдар беру жұмысы бойынша білім беру практикасы: мәселелері мен шешу жолдары
    (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2024-09-20)
    M. S. Sadyrova
    ;
    Karlygash Mukhtarova
    ;
    Клара Макашева
    ;
    Sandugash Imanbayeva
    The article reveals the problems that rest on the choice of profession of school graduates, the transition of young people from study to work, the difficulty with professional orientation, and, as a result, high unemployment in the labor market. The listed problems cover almost many countries of the world. Among the reasons for such a negative growth, the authors of the publication explain, first of all, changes in the functioning of the educational system, which can eventually lead to socio-economic risks and social inequality. The other side of the above-mentioned problem noted that the existing educational practice in many ways does not provide the order of the state and society for the formation of a graduate of urban and rural schools as a subject of socio-professional self-determination. The reasons rest on the following factors: - a low level of career guidance interaction between educational organizations of different levels, which generates the substitution of practice-oriented forms of professional orientation with psychological diagnostics and counseling; - the use of outdated inefficient approaches without taking into account modern information technologies and more. The purpose of the presented research is to identify, in the regional context, the transformation of professional preferences of high school students in urban and rural schools as a strategy for future employment. As a result of the survey conducted by the authors among school graduates, conclusions and proposals were formulated to optimize preparatory and organizational work among high school students to improve the methodology of career guidance activities. These proposals formed the basis for the developed sociological survey program and documents for school administrations in order to conduct annual monitoring to identify students' professional preferences, taking into account new trends in the employment market. Key words: education, schools, professional training of graduates, professional preferences of schoolchildren, state educational grants, regions.
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    Vocational Guidance and Pre-Profile Training of Schoolchildren with Disabilities: An Analysis of Pedagogical Attitudes and Practices
    (2026-08-23)
    Zulfiya Movkebayeva
    ;
    Aitolkyn Duzelbayeva
    ;
    Д.С. Хамитова
    ;
    Malika Ussenova
    ;
    Zhigitov Alibek Bekezhanovich
    This article addresses the problem of preparing upper secondary school students with disabilities for subsequent professional and vocational activities, with a particular focus on teachers’ views and attitudes toward the necessity of career guidance and preparatory work aimed at developing initial professional competencies, including personal competencies, among students with disabilities already at the senior school level. Despite significant policy measures undertaken by the state in the field of vocational training and retraining of persons with disabilities—such as the introduction of career guidance teachers in schools, the gradual increase in quotas for specialized workplaces at Kazakhstani enterprises (ranging from 2% to 4% of total jobs), the implementation of subsidies for employers to cover costs associated with equipping specialized workplaces for employees with disabilities, the training of specialized staff in employment centers, and the organization of vocational training and retraining courses—a relatively low rate of permanent employment (39%) persists. Drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the study examines the role of the mesosystem (schools and other educational institutions) and the exosystem (adult social organizations) in the process of pre-profile preparation of students with disabilities for future professional activity, as well as opportunities to enhance their impact. The aim of the study is to identify key practical challenges in creating conditions for the development of initial professional competencies among students with disabilities and to propose new approaches to improving pre-profile training in schools. The methodology includes a systematic review of recent academic and policy sources, as well as an analysis of survey results from teachers working in schools that provide education for students with disabilities. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers, educators, and vocational institutions on implementing a system of career guidance and pre-profile training for students with disabilities, emphasizing the importance of initiating such activities as early as possible, as they contribute to future professional self-determination, effective employment, and financial self-sufficiency of this population.