Қазақ ұлттық қыздар педагогикалық университеті / Казахский национальный женский педагогический университет

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    Тип записи:Публикация,
    Landscape Foundations of Hydronym Formation in Turkic Languages
    (2026-04-15)
    A.K. Karaman
    ;
    Oraz Sapashev
    ;
    Aigerim T. Aliakbarovа
    The article comprehensively examines the landscape foundations underlying the formation of hydronymic names in Turkic languages (Kazakh and Bashkir languages). It is argued that the physical and geographical characteristics of the territories historically inhabited by Turkic peoples (relief, climatic conditions, hydrological systems, and ecological features) have directly influenced the semantic structure and motivational mechanisms of water body names. In this regard, the lexical-semantic nature, morphological models, and naming principles of hydronyms such as rivers, lakes, springs, seas, and water sources are analyzed. The study identifies the function of ancient Turkic geographical terms and spatial concepts preserved within hydronyms and explores their historical-comparative and etymological foundations. The correlation between common hydronymic models across Turkic languages and regional variability is determined, revealing similarities and differences shaped by linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Furthermore, the paper analyzes how landscape dominants (flow characteristics, color, depth, taste, seasonal variation, and surrounding relief) function as motivational features in the formation of hydronyms. It substantiates that traditional worldview, economic and cultural practices, mythological consciousness, and sacral perceptions of Turkic peoples are reflected in water names. Thus, hydronyms are characterized not merely as geographical identifiers but as onomastic units encoding historical and cultural information. The article also defines the place of the hydronymic system within the broader onomastic space, highlighting its ethnocultural content and its role in preserving historical memory. The relationship between water names and landscape is examined from cognitive and semiotic perspectives. The findings contribute theoretically and methodologically to research in Turkic onomastics, historical lexicology, and ethnolinguistics.
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    STUDY OF TURKIC TOPONYMS OF CENTRAL ASIA AND KAZAKHSTAN ON MEDIEVAL HISTORICAL MAPS
    (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2026-06-20)
    Yerlan Issakov
    ;
    Zhulduz Nizamatdinova
    ;
    Kairat ZHOYA
    The historical maps of Central Asia and Kazakhstan's territory serve as a vital source for examining the region's political, ethnographic, and cultural development dynamics. Beginning in the early 20th century, mapping studies have primarily concentrated on the northern and central regions of Eurasia, as well as on Central Asia, where nomadic peoples and city-states reside. Nevertheless, a thorough examination of Turkic place names on historical maps, and the investigation of their origins, development, and geographical spread, remains an urgent concern. The purpose of the study was to examine Turkic place names in Central Asia and Kazakhstan as depicted on historical maps. As research methods, cartographic analysis, historical-geographical comparative study, and correlation of hydronymic and oronymic data with historical sources were utilized. The study also examined the historical significance and usage of place names by analysing changes in political, ethnic and administrative features on maps. As a result of the study, 11 historical maps were analysed, from which many Turkic place names were identified on the maps below: ‘ASIA noviter delineata’, ‘La Grande Tartarie’, ‘Imperium Timuri Begi vel Tamerlanis’, “Tartariae Sive Magni Chami Regni tÿpus’ and ‘Nieuwe Caart van de Caspische Zee, met alle desselfs Riviere, Eylanden en Dieptens’. Especially, maps most commonly display such vital Turkic place names as ‘Turkestan’, ‘Desht-Kipchak’, ‘Syrdarya’, ‘Amudarya’, ‘Samarkand’, ‘Bukhara’, ‘Balashagun’, ‘Kazakh Steppe’ and further entries. Furthermore, we have ensured that the maps clearly show watercourses, mountain ranges, rivers and trade routes, as well as the locations of towns and fortifications. Therefore, the medieval maps selected for this study constitute valuable material for the study of Turkic place-names in Central Asia and Kazakhstan, and their use is of great significance in contemporary cartographic, ethnographic and historical research, as well as in the field of education. Consequently, an analysis of the evolution of geographical names serves to demonstrate the historical continuity and geographical influence of Turkic civilisation.