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Electrochemical Performance of Biomass-Derived AC and CNTs-Based Supercapacitors
(IGI Global, 2024-11-22)
Meiram K. Atamanov
;
Tolganay Atamanova
;
Azamat Taurbekov
;
Zulkhair Aimukhametovich Mansurov
This study investigates the electrochemical performance of activated carbon (AC) derived from two biomass sources, rice husk (RH) and walnut shell (WS), utilizing two activation methods: chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and physical activation with carbon dioxide (CO2). The aim is to evaluate the potential of these bio-derived carbon materials in energy storage applications, particularly for supercapacitors. The electrochemical behavior of the activated carbon electrodes was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) techniques, along with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), to evaluate the specific capacitance, energy density, charge transfer resistance, and ion diffusion properties.
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PROCESSING OF RICE WASTES INTO ACTIVATED CARBON
(2018-01-01)
S. R. Bainazarova
;
A. T. Shuragaziyeva
;
Anipa Tapalova
;
L. A. Zhusupova
;
Nurbol Orynbasaruly Appazov
A method for processing of rice wastes (husk, straw) into activated carbon was proposed. The thermolysis of raw material and the activation of carbonizate were carried out at 500oС and 800oС temperatures respectively. The properties of obtained activated carbon are determined by standard methods. The porous structure of obtained carbon have been studied under scanned electronic microscope. According to the results of experimental studies, activated charcoal obtained from rice husks corresponds to the WAC brand, activated charcoal obtained from rice straw corresponds to BAU-A grade. The research will allow rational use of agricultural waste in order to obtain useful secondary adsorbent products intended for adsorption and liquid media. References [1] Biswas B., Singh R., Kumar J., Singh R., Gupta P., Krishna B.B., Bhaskar T. Pyrolysis behavior of rice straw under carbon dioxide for production of bio-oil // Renewable energy. 2018. Vol. 129. P. 686-694. [2] Wu J., Collins S.R.A., Elliston A., Wellner N., Dicks J., Roberts I.N., Waldron K.W. Release of cell wall phenolic esters during hydrothermal pretreatment of rice husk and rice straw // Biotechnology for biofuels. 2018. Vol. 11. DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1157-1. [3] GOST 6217. Ugol' aktivnyj drevesnyj droblenyj. Tehnicheskie uslovija. M.: IPK Izd-vo standartov, 2003. [4] GOST R 56357-2015. Ugol' aktivirovannyj AG-3. Tehnicheskie uslovija. M.: Standartinform. 2016. [5] Kinle H., Bader Je. Aktivnye ugli i ih promyshlennoe primenenie. L.: Himija, 1984. 216 p. [6] Himicheskij jenciklopedicheskij slovar'. M.: Sovetskaja jenciklopedija, 1983. 19 p. [7] Arezou Niksiar, Bahram Nasernejad. Activated carbon preparation from pistachio shell pyrolysis and gasification in a spouted bed reactor // Biomass and Bioenergy. 2017. Vol. 106. P. 43-50. [8] Yeru Liang, Chen Yang, Hanwu Dong, Wenqi Li, Hang Hu, Yong Xiao, Mingtao Zheng, Yingliang Liu. Facile Synthesis of Highly Porous Carbon from Rice Husk // ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., Just Accepted Manuscript. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01315. Publ. (Web): 24.06.2017. [9] Wenli Zhang, Nan Lin, Debo Liu, Jinhui Xu, Jinxin Sha, Jian Yin, Xiaobo Tan, Huiping Yang, Haiyan Lu, Haibo Lin. Direct carbonization of rice husk to prepare porous carbon for supercapacitor applications // Energy. 2017. Vol. 128. P. 618-625. [10] Pred.patent RK №15933. Sposob poluchenija karbonizirovannogo sorbenta dlja izvlechenija zolota iz rastvorov // Data opubl. 15.07.2005, bjul. №7. Mansurov Z.A., Mansurova R.M., Nikolaeva A.F., Vasil'ev D.G. [11] Hoang Kim Bong, Timofeev V.S., Tjomkin O.N., Gafarov I.G., Timoshenko A.V., Artamonova T.V., Gorbacheva O.V., Kol'vah I.P., Mishulin G.M., Shhepakin M.B., Kozhura E.A., Haziev R.M., Vatolin A.K. Sposob poluchenija aktivirovannogo uglja iz othodov sel'skogo hozjajstva // Patent RF №2315712. Data opubl. 27.01.2008. [12] Muhin V.M., Voropaeva N.L., Karpachev V.V., Harlamov S.A., Spiridonov Ju.Ja., Gur'janov V.V., Dmitrjakova E.E. Sposob poluchenija aktivnogo uglja iz rastitel'nyh othodov // Patent RF №2527221. Data opubl. 27.08.2014. [13] Hanum F., Bani O., Wirani L.I. Characterization of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk by HCl Activation and Its Application for Lead (Pb) Removal in Car Battery Wastewater // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (2017) 012151 doi:10.1088/1757899X/180/1/012151. [14] Hanum F., Bani O., Izdiharo A.M. Characterization of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) Treated Rice Husk Activated Carbon and Adsorption of Lead from Car Battery Wastewater // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (2017) 012149 doi:10.1088/1757899X/180/1/012149. [15] Yeru Liang, Chen Yang, Hanwu Dong, Wenqi Li, Hang Hu, Yong Xiao, Mingtao Zheng, Yingliang Liu. Facile Synthesis of Highly Porous Carbon from Rice Husk // ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., Just Accepted Manuscript. DOI: 10.1021/ acssuschemeng.7b01315. 262[16] GOST 17219. Ugli aktivnye. Metod opredelenija summarnogo obema por po vode. M.: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1988. [17] GOST 12597. Sorbenty. Metod opredelenija massovoj doli vody v aktivnyh ugljah i katalizatorah na ih osnove. M.: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1989. [18] GOST 16190. Sorbenty. Metod opredelenija nasypnoj plotnosti. M.: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1970.
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ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ АКТИВИРОВАННОГО УГЛЯ СО-ТЕРМОЛИЗОМ РИСОВОЙ СОЛОМЫ И НЕФТЕШЛАМА
(2019-01-01)
Nurbol Orynbasaruly Appazov
;
R. A. Turmanov
;
Rakhmetulla Zhapparbergenov
;
A. T. Shuragaziyeva
;
Nurgali Akylbekov
Carrying out joint activities in order to obtain a widely used adsorbent – activated carbon. A carbonization tube in a tube furnace made of stainless steel at a temperature of 500°C, and activation of a carbonizate carried out by steam at a temperature of 800°C. The influence of the ratio of the initial components of the raw material (husk:oil sludge) on the properties of the product was studied. Husk:oil sludge is 9:1 (by weight), respectively. Indicators such as water adsorption activity, total owner volume and bulk figure were studied. The microstructure of the obtained activated carbon was studied on a scanning electron microscope. 9: 1 corresponds to activated carbon brand DAK. References [1] Kinle H., Bader Je. Aktivnye ugli i ih promyshlennoe primenenie. L.: Himija, 1984. 216 p. [2] Arezou Niksiar, Bahram Nasernejad. Activated carbon preparation from pistachio shell pyrolysis and gasification in a spouted bed reactor // Biomass and Bioenergy. 2017. Vol. 106. P. 43-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.08.017. [3] Yeru Liang, Chen Yang, Hanwu Dong, Wenqi Li, Hang Hu, Yong Xiao, Mingtao Zheng, Yingliang Liu. Facile Synthesis of Highly Porous Carbon from Rice Husk // ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., Just Accepted Manuscript. 2017. Vol. 5, N. 8. P. 7111-7117. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01315. [4] Wenli Zhang, Nan Lin, Debo Liu, Jinhui Xu, Jinxin Sha, Jian Yin, Xiaobo Tan, Huiping Yang, Haiyan Lu, Haibo Lin. Direct carbonization of rice husk to prepare porous carbon for supercapacitor applications // Energy. 2017. Vol. 128. P. 618-625. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.065. [5] Pred.patent RK №15933. Sposob poluchenija karbonizirovannogo sorbenta dlja izvlechenija zolota iz rastvorov / Mansurov Z.A., Mansurova R.M., Nikolaeva A.F., Vasil'ev D.G.; data opubl. 15.07.2005. Bjul. №7. [6] Patent RF №2315712 na izobretenie. Sposob poluchenija aktivirovannogo uglja iz othodov sel'skogo hozjajstva / Hoang Kim Bong, Timofeev V.S., Tjomkin O.N., Gafarov I.G., Timoshenko A.V., Artamonova T.V., Gorbacheva O.V., Kol'vah I.P., Mishulin G.M., Shhepakin M.B., Kozhura E.A., Haziev R.M., Vatolin A.K.; data opubl. 27.01.2008. [7] Patent RF №2527221 na izobretenie. Sposob poluchenija aktivnogo uglja iz rastitel'nyh othodov / Muhin V.M., Voropaeva N.L., Karpachev V.V., Harlamov S.A., Spiridonov Ju.Ja., Gur'janov V.V., Dmitrjakova E.E.; data opubl. 27.08.2014. [8] Aworn A. Preparation of CO2 activated carbon from corncob for monoethylene glycol adsorption / A. Amphol, T. Paitip, N. Woranan // Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem and Eng. Asp. 2009. Vol. 333. Is. 1-3. P. 19-25. [9] Chang Ch-F. Effects of Burn-off and Activation Temperature on Preparation of Activated Carbon from Corn Cob Agrowaste by CO2 and Steam / Ch-F. Chang, Ch-Y. Chang, W-T. Tsai // Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2000. Vol. 232, N 1. P. 45-49. [10] Hanum F., Bani O., Wirani L.I. Characterization of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk by HCl Activation and Its Application for Lead (Pb) Removal in Car Battery Wastewater // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017. Vol. 180, 012151. DOI: 10.1088/1757899X/180/1/012151. [11] Hanum F., Bani O., Izdiharo A.M. Characterization of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) Treated Rice Husk Activated Carbon and Adsorption of Lead from Car Battery Wastewater // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017. Vol. 180, 012149. DOI: 10.1088/1757899X/180/1/012149. [12] Patent RF №2609802 na izobretenie. Sposob poluchenija aktivnogo uglja iz rastitel'nogo syr'ja / Klushin V.N., Thu Aung Si, Muhin V.M., Vin M'int So, Nistratov A.V., Voropaeva N.L.; data opubl. 06.02.2017. Bjul. №4. [13] Daifullah A.A.M., Girgis B.S., Gad H.M.H. A study of the factors affecting the removal of humic acid by activated carbon prepared from biomass material // Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2004. Vol. 235, N 1-3. P. 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2003.12.020. [14] Mohamed M.M. Acid dye removal: comparison of surfactant-modified mesoporous FSM-16 with activated carbon derived from rice husk // Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2004. Vol. 272, N 1. P. 28-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.071. [15] Rahman I.A. Saad B., Shaidan S., Sya Rizal E.S. Adsorption characteristics of malachite green on activated carbon derived from rice husks produced by chemical–thermal process // Bioresource Technology. 2005. Vol. 96, N 14. P. 1578-1583. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.015. [16] Kennedy L.J., Vijaya J.J., Sekaran G. Effect of Two-Stage Process on the Preparation and Characterization of Porous Carbon Composite from Rice Husk by Phosphoric Acid Activation // Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004. Vol. 43, N 8. P. 1832-1838. DOI: 10.1021/ie034093f. [17] Guo Y. Rockstraw D.A. Activated carbons prepared from rice hull by one-step phosphoric acid activation // Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. – 2007. Vol. 100. Is. 1-3. P. 12-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.10.006. [18] GOST 6217. Ugol' aktivnyj drevesnyj droblenyj. Tehnicheskie uslovija. M.: IPK Izdatel'stvo standartov, 2003. [19] GOST 17219. Ugli aktivnye. Metod opredelenija summarnogo ob#ema por po vode. M.: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1988. [20] GOST 12597. Sorbenty. Metod opredelenija massovoj doli vody v aktivnyh ugljah i katalizatorah na ih osnove. M.: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1989. [21] GOST 16190. Sorbenty. Metod opredelenija nasypnoj plotnosti. M.: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1970.
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OBTAINING BIOCHAR FROM RICE HUSK AND STRAW
(National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2021-02-01)
Nurbol Orynbasaruly Appazov
;
Б.М. Базарбаев
;
T. Assylbekkyzy
;
Banu Diyarova
;
С.А. Канжар
This paper presents the results of research on obtaining biochar from agricultural plant waste such as rice husk and straw. The selection of the optimal conditions for thermolysis, such as the duration and temperature of the process, has been conducted. The thermolysis products are characterized for iodine adsorption activity, cumulative water pore volume, and for bulk density. The porous structure of the obtained products has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of the research conducted, it has been found that biochars obtained from husk and straw with a thermolysis duration of 30 minutes have low iodine sorption characteristics and water pore volumes. With an increase in the duration of thermolysis, the sorption characteristics improve, the optimal for the husk is the thermolysis duration of 60 minutes at a temperature of 500°C, and for straw, the optimal thermolysis duration is 60 minutes at a temperature of 300°C. The best option is biochar obtained from rice straw at a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 300°C, having an iodine adsorption activity of 54.61%, a cumulative water pore volume of 0.941 cm3/g and a bulk density of 169.29 g/dm3. The obtained biochars from rice husk and straw have been studied by scanning electron microscopy at 4300 and 5000 times magnification, and they have a developed porous structure. According to the literature, it is known that biochar can also be used as a renewable energy source. Research has been carried out to determine the calorific value of the obtained biochars. To compare the calorific value of rice husk, straw and the obtained biochars, their heating values have been determined on a calorimeter. The highest heating value has a biochar obtained from husk at a duration of 60 minutes and at a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 17.520 kJ/g, the optimal for biochar obtained from straw is a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 16.451 kJ/g. The experimental data obtained make it possible to use the obtained biochar from rice straw in the future as a biofertilizer to improve the characteristics of soils, as well as to use biochar obtained from rice husk to produce renewable fuel.
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Obtaining granular activated carbon using a binder gelatin in the joint processing of rice and oil waste
(2022-05-27)
Appazov
;
Diyarova
;
Bazarbayev
;
Dzhiembaev
;
Lygina
In this article, the effect of gelatin as a binder to obtain granular activated carbon by joint processing of rice waste (husk and straw) and oil sludge was studied.Carbonation and activation of the granules were carried out in a hightemperature vacuum tube furnace of the BR-12 NFT series with a length of 200 mm, in a heating tube made of quartz glass with a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 60 mm.Carbonation was carried out at a temperature of 500°C, activation-by water vapor at a temperature of 850°C, at a ratio of water and carbonizate 2:1.The effect of the ratio of gelatin binder, rice waste and oil sludge on the properties of the activated carbon was studied.The optimal ratio of the joint processing of the mixture is rice husk: oil sludge: gelatin = 9:1:2 (by weight).The studies were carried out according to the following indicators: adsorption activity for iodine, total pore volume for water, mass fraction of moisture, adsorption activity for methylene blue, and bulk density.Granulated activated carbon corresponds to the BAU-MF brand.
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Production of activated carbon granulated by treatment of rice husk and straw with an oil sludge using polyvinyl acetate as a binder
(2023-09-05)
Banu Diyarova
One of the man-made problems of technological development is the processing and utilization of oil and agricultural wastes. In this study, the process of obtaining granular activated carbon from the agricultural rice waste was investigated. The granules were obtained using polyvinyl acetate, which binds rice residue and oil sludge. Carbonization and activation were carried out in a quartz glass tube inside of high-temperature vacuum furnace BR-12 NFT series. The length of the furnace is 300 mm, the diameter is 60 mm and the operating heating length is 200 mm. Carbonization was performed at a temperature of 500 °C, activation of carbonizate with water vapor in ratio 1:2 at a temperature of 850 °C. The effect of polyvinyl acetate, rice waste, oil sludge ratio on the product characteristics was analyzed, the most advantageous ratio for obtaining granular activated carbon was identified. The iodine adsorption activity of the granulated activated carbon, the total pore size, the mass fraction of moisture, the methylene blue adsorption activity and bulk density were determined. According to the results, the product obtained by using the rice husk, oil sludge and binder in a ratio by mass 9:1:1.1 corresponds to the DAK type of wood crushed activated carbon standard (GOST 6217-74).
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Preparation of Granular Organic Iodine and Selenium Complex Fertilizer Based on Biochar for Biofortification of Parsley
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2024-01-01)
Yerlan Doszhanov
;
Meiram K. Atamanov
;
Jakpar Jandosov
;
Karina Saurykova
;
Zhandos Bassygarayev
This study investigates the potential of biochar derived from various biomass sources: apricot kernel (AK), pine sawdust (PS), rice husk (RH), wheat straw (WS), and reed stem (RS) to enhance the yield, nutritional quality, and environmental sustainability of parsley crops. Comprehensive characterization through SEM, EDAX, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, and FTIR analyses identified AK biochar as the most suitable for further enrichment due to its superior specific surface area (512.3 m2/g) and iodine number (51.23 mg/g). EDAX analysis revealed that AK biochar exhibited the highest carbon content (92.1%), while RH biochar contained the highest silicon content (46%), indicating different potential applications. FTIR analysis identified key functional groups, such as carbonyl (1740 cm⁻1) and hydroxyl (3430 cm⁻1) groups, which contribute to the biochar’s reactivity and potential effectiveness in various applications. The effects of selenium (Na2SeO4), iodine (KI), their combination (Na2SeO4 + KI), and BISF (biochar‐enriched iodine and selenium fertilizer) on parsley growth, antioxidant properties, and nutrient accumulation were evaluated. The results demonstrated that joint applications of iodide and selenate led to a 3.1‐fold increase in iodine content (up to 16.8 mg/kg d.w.) and a 1.2‐fold increase in selenium accumulation (up to 2482.1 μg/kg d.w.) in parsley compared to separate treatments. Additionally, BISF treatment significantly improved key biometric parameters, with leaf weight increasing by 1.6 times (up to 326.5 g) compared to the control, and antioxidant content—ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and antioxidant activity—showing increases of 1.56, 1.27, and 1.50 times, respectively. This study underscores the effectiveness of selenium‐ and iodine‐enriched biochar in enhancing parsley crop yield and nutritional quality while also demonstrating the multifunctional role of biochar in environmental remediation.
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Preparation of Polymer-based Composite Films using Cellulose Derived from Agricultural Waste
(2025-01-01)
Yerkebulan A. Altynov
;
B. U. Rakhimova
;
Ulan Zhantikeyev
;
Kalampyr Bexeitova
;
Сейтхан Азат
This study explores the production of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) through delignification of agricultural biomass and investigates its physicochemical properties.Rice husks and wheat straw served as primary biomass sources.The influence of the biomass-to-peroxyacetic acid ratio on MCC yield was systematically evaluated, with optimal yields of 70% from wheat straw and 85% from rice
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PRODUCTION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE AND PREPARATION OF GEL FILMS BASED ON IT
(2025-10-22)
M. K. Shamshidenov
;
Yerkebulan A. Altynov
;
B. U. Rakhimova
;
Kalampyr Bexeitova
;
A. Seithan
This paper discusses the process of obtaining microcrystalline cellulose by removing lignin from biomass and studying its properties. Rice husks, which are agricultural waste, were used as biomass. The effect of the ratio of biomass to peroxyacetic acid on the yield of microcrystalline cellulose was determined. The yield of microcrystalline cellulose from rice husks at a ratio of 1/14 was 70%. Additionally, gel films based on rice MCC and sodium alginate were prepared, and their hydrolytic degradation properties were studied. In an acidic medium (pH 4.08), the gel film showed a 66% mass loss within 7 days, indicating pH sensitivity and biodegradability. The morphological surface, average particle size, and structure of the samples were studied. The surface morphology of the samples was examined using a scanning electron microscope, and it was found that the average particle size was 7–10 µm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the amorphous–crystalline nature of the material. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and ether functional groups. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the thermal stability of the gel films. The developed method for producing microcrystalline cellulose from biomass requires fewer processing stages compared to traditional methods and is environmentally safe. It was shown that high-quality microcrystalline cellulose can be obtained in one stage without the use of reagents containing sulfur and chlorine, high pressure, or large amounts of water. The interest in microcrystalline cellulose is due to its unique properties, such as lightness, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Currently, it is in high demand in the production of aerogels, gels, biocomposites, biodegradable materials, and films.
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Comparative Study of the Structural and Adsorptive Performance of Biomass-Derived Graphene Materials
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2026-02-08)
Makpal Seitzhanova
;
Zhanar Kudyarova
;
Yerlan Doszhanov
;
Bibigul B. Rakhimova
;
Svetlana Aleshkova
This study presents the development of an environmentally benign and economically viable methodology for the synthesis of graphene-containing carbon materials derived from renewable agricultural residues, specifically walnut shells, rice husks, and apricot stones. The proposed synthesis route involves sequential stages of controlled pre-carbonization, desilicification, chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH), and subsequent mild exfoliation, resulting in the formation of few-layer graphene with a high degree of structural ordering. Pre-carbonization carried out at 523–573 K, followed by activation at 1123 K, yields graphene sheets exhibiting a specific surface area of 1300–1800 m2/g, a carbon content of 60–90%, and an average pore diameter below 100 nm. The synthesized materials were subjected to comprehensive physicochemical characterization using BET surface area analysis, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic absorption flame emission spectrophotometry. Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed an I_G/I_2D intensity ratio of approximately 1.5–2.0, indicating the presence of graphene structures consisting of approximately four to five layers. To enhance adsorption performance, the graphene-containing carbon materials were further functionalized with sulfuric acid, and the successful incorporation of surface functional groups was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The adsorption properties of the functionalized graphene-containing carbon materials were evaluated in aqueous solutions containing sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts, demonstrating adsorption efficiencies of up to 80%. Compared to conventional biomass-derived graphene synthesis methods, the developed approach produces materials with enhanced porosity, higher graphitic ordering, and improved chemical purity. These characteristics highlight the strong potential of the synthesized graphene-containing carbon materials for applications in energy storage systems, adsorption-based water purification technologies, and environmentally sustainable nanotechnological applications.
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