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STUDY OF EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUSE TUBERS
(2018-01-01)
B. M. Izteleu
;
G. E. Azimbayeva
;
А. А. Бакибаев
;
Б. Ж. Джиембаев
The article examines the extractive properties of tubers of helianthus tuberosuse from two regions of Almaty. The object of the study is the extracts obtained from the tuber Helianthus tuberosuse. The extraction of tubers from helianthus tuberosuse was carried out by various organic solvents. It was found that the extraction of extractive substances by a group of solvents with increasing polarity. The greatest yield of extractive substances comes from the extraction of benzene and ethyl acetate. The main extractive substances belong to coumarin compounds (umbellioron C9H6O3, isoscapolin C10H8O4, escuftine C9H6O4, herniarin C10H8O3, umbelliferone C9H6O3, coumarin C9H6O2) and flavonoid. References [1] Uzhanova V.M. The study of the influence of components of medicinal plant materials based on the obtained extracts // Chemia plant materials. 2001. N 3. P. 105-110. [2] Maysarov D.A., Nekhaenko G.N. Medicinal plants of South Kazakhstan in folk medicine. Almaty: Gasir, 2004. 205 p. [3] Naleev O.N., Karzhaubaev K.E. Jerusalem artichoke. Almaty, 2006. P. 7-12. [4] Leontiev V.N., Dubar D.A., Lugin V.G., Feskova, etc. Biological potential of Jerusalem artichoke as a raw material for the food and pharmaceutical industry // Chemistry, technology of organic substances and biotechnology. Works BSTU. 2014. N 4. P. 227-230. [5] Zelenkov V.N. Mediko-biological properties of Jerusalem artichoke concentrate (dried) and the experience of using dietary supplements based on it in medical practice // Actual problems of creating new drugs of plant origin. Proceedings of the 4th International Congress June 29 – 1 July 2000. Vel. Novgorod, 2000. P. 158-163. [6] Zelenkov V.N. Perspectives of using various dry forms of Jerusalem artichoke in phytodietics for cardiovascular diseases // Practical herbal medicine. 2002. N 2. P. 42-43. [7] Zykleva N.S. The study of polysaccharides of Jerusalem artichoke tubers and the creation on their basis of therapeutic and prophylactic agents: Aforet. dis. cand. pharmacist. sciences Pyatigorsk, 1998. P. 22-35. [8] Bezchasnik E.M., Dyachenko V.V., Kucher O.V. The process of extraction from medicinal plant materials. Pharmcom 1. 2003. P. 54-56. [9] Izteleu B.M., Azimbaeva G.E., Kudaibergenova G.N. Determination of biologically active substances from the aerial part of Helianthus tuberususe // Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan. 2013. N 2(42). P. 121-125. [10] Polezhaeva I.V., Polezhaeva N.I., Menuilo L.N., Pavlenko N.I., Levdansky V.A. Study of extractives Chamerium Angustifolium (L.) holum // Chemia rastytelny cheese. 2005. N 1. P. 25-29. [11] Ikramova M.B., Mirzorakhimov K.K., Rakhimova F.A. [and others]. UV Spectra of plant extracts // Scientific achievements of biology, chemistry, physics: collection of articles. st. on mater. 1 international scientific-practical. conf. Novosibirsk: SibAK, 2011. [12] Konoplev M.M. Pharmacognosy: Natural biologically active substances. Vitebsk, 2007. 272 p. [13] Burasheva G.Zh., Eskaliyeva B.Ya., Umbetova A.K. Tabiga kosylystar chemasyasyn negizdery. Almaty: Kazak University, 2013. P. 114-220.
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Влияние факторов среды обитания на развитие видов грибов с полей и из зернохранилищ
(Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2019-02-04)
Zh. T. Abdrassulova
;
Sultan Tuleukhanovich Tuleukhanov
;
Ж. Ж. Кужантаева
;
С Б Жиенбай
;
Н Х Хaмитовa
The article shows the results of a study of the biological and environmental characteristics of fungithat damage crops. Seeds of grain crops were collected from granaries of Talgar, Ili, Karasai and Zhambyldistricts of Almaty region.728 samples of cereal seeds (Triticum aestivum L., Avena sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Sorghum) were collected. Based on studies of morphologicaland cultural characteristics, the following species of mushrooms are identified: Penicillium expansumLink, Aspergillus flavus Link, Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb., Alternaria alternate (Fr) Keisse, Macrosporiumcommune Wall., Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.), Alternaria tenuis Neees, West Africa, West Africa. ,Mucor mucedo Fres, Helminthosporium sativum Pammel, Cladosporium herbarium (Pers.) Link, Trichothecium roseum Link. In determining the damage to the types of fungi grain crops were used methodsfor determining the morphological and cultural characteristics, macroscopic. Depending on the morphological features of the species of fungi, the damaging grains were determined using the Naumov andLitvinov determinants. Identified environmental factors affecting the development of species of fungi.The effect of temperature and humidity on the growth and development of species of fungi was studied.Key words: fungi, grain seeds, field fungus, storage fungus,
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TRITICUM L. ЖӘНЕ SECALE L. ТУЫСТАРЫНЫҢ МӘДЕНИ ТҮРЛЕРІНЕ БИОХИМИЯЛЫҚ ТАЛДАУ ЖАСАУ
(Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2022-06-29)
А.А. Kulbekova
;
Ж. Ж. Кужантаева
;
А.А. Ydyrys
;
Zh. M. Eralieva
;
D.S. Bataeva
In the article Triticum L. and Secale L. to clarify the bioecological features of the species, the chemical composition of a number of varieties containing macronutrients, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber and vitamins was determined. The study included varieties of winter soft wheat "Mereke 70" and " Dimash "and winter durum wheat" Kazakhstansky yantar ", winter rye Tretikale" Taza", cultivated in the regions of Almaty and Zhambyl regions.
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Диагностика и реализация профессиональных потребностей сельских учителей русского языка и литературы как один из основных факторов повышения качества образования
(Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2022-10-07)
A. Kurmankulova
;
Zh. Kiynova
;
Aigul Onalbayeva
The professional development of a teacher improves the quality of education, contributes to the improvement of the teacher’s skills and motivates him for further continuous professional growth. The purpose of the article is to diagnose the professional needs of Kazakhstani rural teachers of Russian language and literature and to identify factors contributing to their professional development. To determine the assessment of the activities, working conditions and professional development of Kazakhstani teachers in comparison with other countries, the results of the international study of the teaching staff on teaching and learning TALIS-2018 were analyzed. The method of secondary data analysis based on a large-scale study was used, as a result of which it has high validity. In addition, a survey was conducted to determine the needs of rural teachers and factors that negatively or favorably affect their professional development. More than 70 rural teachers of Russian language and literature of Almaty region took part in the online survey. The article analyzes how the data of the international TALIS-2018 study were used to reform Kazakhstan’s educational policy. In addition, the results of the online survey allowed the authors to conclude that rural teachers of Russian language and literature prefer to master the topics of digital technologies in education (54.5%), functional literacy and critical thinking (54.3%), assessment methods (47.1%). The professional needs of rural teachers are associated with the need to improve teaching methods (41.2%), consult with the most experienced colleagues (32.5%) and develop skills to work with children with special educational needs. Key words: TALIS-2018, rural teachers, Russian language and literature, professional development, professional needs
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MOLECULAR GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM GOAT MILK
(Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2023-03-20)
Sanam Nadirova
;
Yu.A. Sinyavskiy
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R.S. Utegalieva
;
E.Zh. Gabdullina
;
S.N. Abdreshov
In recent years there has been a steady trend towards an increase in the number of studies on the study of probiotics, which have a beneficial effect on the body: improve the intestinal microflora; contribute to the reduction of pathogenic bacteria; have the ability to produce substances with antimicrobial activity. In order to obtain probiotics from domestic raw materials, molecular genetic identification of bacterial strains was carried out. The object for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria was natural goat milk from the Almaty region, IE "Bekezhanova". Identification of bacterial strains was carried out on an ABI 3500 xL genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems) using 16S primers 8F and 806R at the Scientific and Practical Center for Microbiology and Virology (Almaty). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 6 software. Nucleotide sequence alignment was performed using the ClustalW algorithm. The results were obtained using the method of determining the direct nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene fragment, followed by comparison of the nucleotide identity with the sequences deposited in the international GenBank database. According to the results of the studies, the isolated strains of lactic acid bacteria according to the GenBank database were assigned to Lactobacillus fermentum (identity above 99.73%). These strains of microorganisms isolated from goat's milk may be promising for the production of domestic food products. On their basis it is proposed to create fermented milk products for preventive purposes.
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The Volatile Compounds Composition of Different Parts of Wild Kazakhstan Sedum ewersii Ledeb.
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2024-07-05)
Tatyana Kobylina
;
Andriy Novikov
;
Gulbanu Aueskhanovna Sadyrova
;
Elzira Kyrbassova
;
Saltanat Nazarbekova
The chemical composition of Sedum ewersii Ledeb., a plant indigenous to Kazakhstan and traditionally utilized in folk medicine, was comprehensively investigated, with a focus on its various plant parts. Fresh samples collected in May 2023 from the Almaty region underwent hydrodistillation to extract volatile components, followed by analysis using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection, which identified a total of 71 compounds across different plant parts, including the root (underground part), root (aerial part), leaf, stem, and flowering aerial part. The predominant biologically active compound identified across all plant parts was Ethyl α-D-glucopyranoside. Monoterpenes, recognized as primary secondary metabolites, were notably abundant in each plant part, with varying compositions: the root (underground part) contained 28.58% aliphatic monoterpenes, 54.41% oxygenated monoterpenoids, 1.42% diterpenoids, and 15.59% other compounds; the root (aerial part) exhibited 1.34% aliphatic monoterpenes, 31.28% oxygenated monoterpenoids, 6.16% diterpenoids, and 61.22% other compounds; the stem and leaves showed 3.06% aliphatic monoterpenes, 21.49% oxygenated monoterpenoids, 17.99% diterpenoids, and 57.46% other compounds; and the flowering aerial part displayed 8.20% aliphatic monoterpenes, 53.18% oxygenated monoterpenoids, 23.75% diterpenoids, and 14.87% other compounds. Diterpenes, particularly Phytol, were prominently present in the leaf, stem, and flowering aerial parts. Additionally, a diverse array of organic acids, ketones, and phenolic compounds were identified across the plant parts, each potentially offering distinct pharmacological benefits. The presence of exclusive compounds in specific plant parts, such as Dihydroxyacetone in the root (aerial part), underscored the pharmacological diversity of S. ewersii. This study provides valuable insights into the chemical diversity and pharmacological potential of S. ewersii, suggesting promising applications in pharmaceutical and medicinal fields. Further research aimed at elucidating the individual and synergistic pharmacological effects of these compounds is crucial to fully harness the therapeutic benefits of this plant.
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Социальные практики наставничества как фактор профессионального развития молодых сельских педагогов
(Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2025-03-20)
Zhanar Kiynova
;
A. Kurmankulova
;
A. Yerkebekova
;
Shynar Umirkhanova
Развитие движения наставничества в казахстанских школах требует ее институционализации как ресурса профессионального развития педагогов. Цель статьи – проанализировать содержание и основные формы организации профессионального взаимодействия сельских молодых педагогов с наставниками, а также определить проблемные «зоны» в реализации программ наставничества в сельских общеобразовательных и малокомплектных школах. Авторы аргументируют тезис о том, что развитие движения наставничества в казахстанских школах требует ее институционализации на основе трансформации программ подготовки и переподготовки педагогических кадров. С целью выявления основных форм организации профессионального взаимодействия молодых педагогов с наставниками были проведены анкетирование и интервью среди молодых и опытных сельских педагогов Алматинской области, основную часть которых составили выпускники Казахского национального женского педагогического университета. В ходе интервьюирования молодых сельских педагогов на вопрос о том, какие формы профессионального развития предпочитают молодые сельские педагоги, были получены ответы, которые позволяют определить проблемные «зоны» в реализации программ наставничества в сельских школах. Согласно данным интервью только 16,3% начинающих учителей готовы получать консультации от наставников. Напротив, большинство молодых педагогов предпочитают самообразование (32,7%) и курсы повышения квалификации, включая мастер-классы, семинары, онлайн-курсы и вебинары (26%). Всего 9,6% указали предметные методические объединения как одну из эффективных форм профессионального развития, несмотря на то, что они призваны оказывать методическую помощь начинающему учителю. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что нормативное регулирование статуса учителя-наставника и внедрение институционализации наставничества как части программы введения в профессию окажет непосредственное влияние на усиление педагогического потенциала страны и повышение роли непрерывного профессионального развития сельских педагогов. Ключевые слова: профессиональное развитие, профессиональная адаптация, институционализация наставничества, сельскиe учителя
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ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE POPULATION OF THE SPECIES RHEUM WITTROCKII LUNDSTR. FLORA OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN
(Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2025-12-30)
Gulbanu Aueskhanovna Sadyrova
;
Kuralai Orazbekova
;
Marzhankul Dauletbayeva
;
Ainur Tanybayeva
;
Bayan Tussupova
This article is devoted to the study of the current state of the Rheum wittrockii Lundstr. species population, floristic composition and ecological characteristics of this species populations in the Uzynkara and Ile-Alatau ridges, Almaty region. Rheum wittrockii Lundstr., an ancient genus of the Neogene period of Asian origin, includes 9 species in Kazakhstan. Three natural populations of Rheum wittrockii Lundstr. were studied in various ecological and phytocenotic conditions of the Uzynkara and Ile-Alatau ridges. Rheum wittrockii in the studied areas are distributed in the middle part of the forest belt of mid-mountains where they exhibit high adaptive abilities, which indicate their ecological plasticity, are characterized by high rates of seed and vegetative reproduction, are resistant to diseases, retain a characteristic habitus in culture, are highly decorative and can be recommended for use in landscaping. In most populations of Rheum wittrockii, generative and virginal individuals prevailed, less often pregenerative individuals played the main role in the population. As a result of the monitoring, the population size in the studied area has been rapidly declining in recent decades, which requires necessary measures to preserve and restore the population size of Rheum wittrockii Lundstr. species in the studied area. To maintain and ensure normal life of Rheum wittrockii Lundstr. populations in the studied areas, it is necessary to standardize the degree of anthropogenic impacts. The main anthropogenic threats to the rare species Rheum wittrockii Lundstr. are overgrazing, habitat disturbance, which have led to a reduction in populations, which will require conservation strategies such as habitat monitoring. Keywords: natural populations, plant communities, rare species, Uzynkara. Ile Alatau
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DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR CULTIVATION OF MELTING BARLEY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE SPECIFICITY OF SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF ALMATY REGION TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF RAW MATERIALS
(Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, 2025-12-30)
Гулнар Мырзабаева
;
Бактигул Раимбекова
;
Lyailya Anuarova
;
A.B. Idrisova
;
Elmira Imanova
The increasing need to enhance the efficiency of brewing barley cultivation, a key crop for brewing and food industries, is critical amid climate change, unstable moisture, and soil resource depletion. This study scientifically evaluates optimal agronomic practices—specifically sowing dates and seeding rates—tailored to the soil and climatic conditions of the Balkhash district, Almaty region. Multi-year research on the brewing barley variety "Arna" assessed the impact of sowing timing and seeding density on plant growth, phenology, productivity, and grain quality. Results showed that early sowing with a seeding rate of 5.0 million viable seeds per hectare fosters strong seedling establishment, optimal development, and high yields reaching 30.1 centners per hectare. Increasing seeding rates from 2 to 6 million seeds per hectare raised productive stem counts from 300 to 460 per m² but reduced productive tillering, indicating plant compensatory responses.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between grain number per spike and spike productivity (r = 0.977) and a negative correlation between productive tillering and seeding rate (r = –0.847). Grain quality at the optimal seeding rate (5.0 million seeds/ha) was characterized by high test weight (up to 654 g/l), grain size (up to 85%), germination rate (up to 95%), husk content (~9.5%), protein (~11.6%), starch (up to 61.3%), and extractivity (up to 76.1%). Although increasing seeding rate to 6.0 million seeds/ha improved yield and thousand-kernel weight, it lowered protein content.These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive, locally adapted approach to sowing dates and seeding rates to maximize yield and grain quality of "Arna" brewing barley. The recommended agronomic practices produce grain meeting GOST 5060-86 standards, supporting regional brewing industry development. The results provide valuable guidance for optimizing brewing barley cultivation technologies under regional conditions.
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Role of Growth Stage and Environmental Conditions in Root Rot Development and Grain Yield of Spring Wheat in the Almaty Region, Southeast Kazakhstan
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2026-01-01)
В. И. Цыганков
;
Alma Kokhmetova
;
Yerlan Dutbayev
;
Kanat Bakhytuly
;
Айдана Харіпжанова
In 2024, a study was conducted in the Almaty Region on 16 varieties of spring soft wheat to assess the impact of growth stages, cultivation conditions, and the severity of root rot infection on biometric parameters and crop yield. This study represents the first systematic evaluation of root rot dynamics across multiple growth stages and contrasting agronomic backgrounds in Kazakhstan. It was found that the maximum root rot prevalence (32.65%) and severity (8.78%) were observed during the tillering phase. By the harvesting phase, these indicators decreased, indicating the dynamic nature of pathogenesis. Cultivation conditions had a significant influence: Under natural conditions, disease prevalence was 26.79%, while on an infectious background, it increased to 31.60%. With fungicide application, prevalence decreased to 8.80%. Fungicide treatment proved effective in suppressing infection, though some varieties exhibited stress responses, leading to reduced productivity. The highest grain weight per plant (13.71 g) was recorded under natural conditions, while the lowest (8.31 g) was observed on the infectious background. Analysis of biometric parameters revealed significant differences between varieties in traits such as tillering capacity, stem length, spike length, and spikelet number. These findings provide a practical framework for improving integrated disease management strategies and for breeding wheat varieties adapted to regional agroecological conditions. These results highlight the importance of integrated disease management and genotype selection to sustain wheat productivity under biotic stress.

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