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A method for processing of rice wastes (husk, straw) into activated carbon was proposed. The thermolysis of raw material and the activation of carbonizate were carried out at 500oС and 800oС temperatures respectively. The properties of obtained activated carbon are determined by standard methods. The porous structure of obtained carbon have been studied under scanned electronic microscope. According to the results of experimental studies, activated charcoal obtained from rice husks corresponds to the WAC brand, activated charcoal obtained from rice straw corresponds to BAU-A grade. The research will allow rational use of agricultural waste in order to obtain useful secondary adsorbent products intended for adsorption and liquid media. References [1] Biswas B., Singh R., Kumar J., Singh R., Gupta P., Krishna B.B., Bhaskar T. Pyrolysis behavior of rice straw under carbon dioxide for production of bio-oil // Renewable energy. 2018. Vol. 129. P. 686-694. [2] Wu J., Collins S.R.A., Elliston A., Wellner N., Dicks J., Roberts I.N., Waldron K.W. Release of cell wall phenolic esters during hydrothermal pretreatment of rice husk and rice straw // Biotechnology for biofuels. 2018. Vol. 11. DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1157-1. [3] GOST 6217. Ugol' aktivnyj drevesnyj droblenyj. Tehnicheskie uslovija. M.: IPK Izd-vo standartov, 2003. [4] GOST R 56357-2015. Ugol' aktivirovannyj AG-3. Tehnicheskie uslovija. M.: Standartinform. 2016. [5] Kinle H., Bader Je. Aktivnye ugli i ih promyshlennoe primenenie. L.: Himija, 1984. 216 p. [6] Himicheskij jenciklopedicheskij slovar'. M.: Sovetskaja jenciklopedija, 1983. 19 p. [7] Arezou Niksiar, Bahram Nasernejad. Activated carbon preparation from pistachio shell pyrolysis and gasification in a spouted bed reactor // Biomass and Bioenergy. 2017. Vol. 106. P. 43-50. [8] Yeru Liang, Chen Yang, Hanwu Dong, Wenqi Li, Hang Hu, Yong Xiao, Mingtao Zheng, Yingliang Liu. Facile Synthesis of Highly Porous Carbon from Rice Husk // ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., Just Accepted Manuscript. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01315. Publ. (Web): 24.06.2017. [9] Wenli Zhang, Nan Lin, Debo Liu, Jinhui Xu, Jinxin Sha, Jian Yin, Xiaobo Tan, Huiping Yang, Haiyan Lu, Haibo Lin. Direct carbonization of rice husk to prepare porous carbon for supercapacitor applications // Energy. 2017. Vol. 128. P. 618-625. [10] Pred.patent RK №15933. Sposob poluchenija karbonizirovannogo sorbenta dlja izvlechenija zolota iz rastvorov // Data opubl. 15.07.2005, bjul. №7. Mansurov Z.A., Mansurova R.M., Nikolaeva A.F., Vasil'ev D.G. [11] Hoang Kim Bong, Timofeev V.S., Tjomkin O.N., Gafarov I.G., Timoshenko A.V., Artamonova T.V., Gorbacheva O.V., Kol'vah I.P., Mishulin G.M., Shhepakin M.B., Kozhura E.A., Haziev R.M., Vatolin A.K. Sposob poluchenija aktivirovannogo uglja iz othodov sel'skogo hozjajstva // Patent RF №2315712. Data opubl. 27.01.2008. [12] Muhin V.M., Voropaeva N.L., Karpachev V.V., Harlamov S.A., Spiridonov Ju.Ja., Gur'janov V.V., Dmitrjakova E.E. Sposob poluchenija aktivnogo uglja iz rastitel'nyh othodov // Patent RF №2527221. Data opubl. 27.08.2014. [13] Hanum F., Bani O., Wirani L.I. Characterization of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk by HCl Activation and Its Application for Lead (Pb) Removal in Car Battery Wastewater // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (2017) 012151 doi:10.1088/1757899X/180/1/012151. [14] Hanum F., Bani O., Izdiharo A.M. Characterization of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) Treated Rice Husk Activated Carbon and Adsorption of Lead from Car Battery Wastewater // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (2017) 012149 doi:10.1088/1757899X/180/1/012149. [15] Yeru Liang, Chen Yang, Hanwu Dong, Wenqi Li, Hang Hu, Yong Xiao, Mingtao Zheng, Yingliang Liu. Facile Synthesis of Highly Porous Carbon from Rice Husk // ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., Just Accepted Manuscript. DOI: 10.1021/ acssuschemeng.7b01315. 262[16] GOST 17219. Ugli aktivnye. Metod opredelenija summarnogo obema por po vode. M.: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1988. [17] GOST 12597. Sorbenty. Metod opredelenija massovoj doli vody v aktivnyh ugljah i katalizatorah na ih osnove. M.: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1989. [18] GOST 16190. Sorbenty. Metod opredelenija nasypnoj plotnosti. M.: Izdatel'stvo standartov, 1970.

For the first time, an approach to the production of highly efficient porous carbon sorption materials based on lignocellulose agricultural waste has been developed and a comprehensive assessment of their physico-chemical properties has been carried out. Rice husks (RH), walnut shells (WSh), wheat straw (WSt) and pine sawdust (PS) were used as raw materials. The resulting carbonysates were chemically activated with potassium hydroxide at different mass ratios of the activating agent and the carbon matrix. To increase the surface chemical activity of sorbents, potassium hydroxide was used. The morphology of the surface and the elemental composition of the synthesized materials were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion analysis, and the functional groups were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It has been established that an increase in the degree of activation leads to the development of a hierarchical porous structure with the formation of micro-, meso- and macropores, as well as to an increase in the content of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of carbon materials. The greatest microporosity was achieved with a KOH:carbon mass ratio of 1:4. The formed functional structure helps to increase the sorption capacity of materials in relation to toxic pollutants of various nature. The results obtained confirm the prospects of using synthesized carbon sorbents as environmentally safe and economically feasible materials for cleaning air and water environments.

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