Жарияланымдар / Публикации

Постоянный URI для этого сообществаhttps://cris.qyzpu.kz/handle/123456789/2

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2024 - 20252

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Автор: search.filters.author.Gulzhaukhar Kokebayeva

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    Infectious Disease Epidemics in Kazakhstan in the 1900–1930s and Their Impact on Healthcare Development
    (2024-06-13)
    Gulzhaukhar Kokebayeva
    ;
    Sabit K. Shildebai
    ;
    СМАНОВА А.М.
    Before the COVID-19 pandemic, an optimistic belief prevailed worldwide that the protracted struggle against infectious diseases had ended. However, COVID-19 later emerged as a truly global phenomenon with a considerably higher fatality rate than that of other infectious diseases. To date, no country has been unaffected by this virus. COVID-19 has tested the resilience of healthcare systems and the deployment of response forces globally. This circumstance underscores the relevance of assessing past experiences in combating infectious diseases and eradicating certain dangerous infections. This article attempts to uncover the challenges encountered in implementing imperial and Soviet government policies related to epidemic control in Kazakhstan. It analyses the major epidemics in Kazakhstan, measures taken against them, and initial steps toward vaccinating the population. In pre-revolutionary Kazakhstan, infectious disease control was episodic owing to limited resources and insufficient well-trained and experienced doctors, paramedics, and nurses. Despite the post-civil war complexities of rebuilding the economy, the Soviet Union has prioritised the prevention of epidemics. Infectious diseases, such as typhus, typhoid fever, cholera, smallpox, and dysentery that spread via the digestive tract have presented the greatest challenge. The government has funded vaccination programs and adopted sanitation measures to prevent the transmission of these diseases.
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    Ideas of Jadidism and Challenges of Modernizing Kazakh Society in the Late Eighteenth and Early Twentieth Century
    (2025-12-25)
    M. S. Myrzabekov
    ;
    Gulzhaukhar Kokebayeva
    ;
    Ryskeldy Myrzabekova
    Introduction. In the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, the educational movement of Jadidism spread across the Kazakh steppes. The Jadids were modernists, progressives, it was a movement for the renewal and reformation of society. In the Kazakh steppe, Jadidism emerged as a significant phenomenon that shaped national culture, ideology, and the popular enlightenment movement. Goals. The study primarily aims to analyze narratives on the development of Kazakh society in the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries containing attempts of Jadids to modernize the sociocultural, educational and political life of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The sources for this study include documents of the Chancellery of the Steppe Governor-General and Inspectors of Public Schools from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Additionally, published documentary materials and periodicals have been used as sources. In writing the article, the authors adhered to the principle of historicism. Results. Jadidism was a sociopolitical movement aimed at renewing Islamic culture and society, restructuring the Muslim school system, and implementing reforms that radically altered the content and structure of primary education. The incorporation into different territorial administrative units, on the one hand, slowed the involvement of Kazakhs into the orbit of Jadidist reforms; on the other hand, it opened opportunities for the development of independent actions by Kazakh Jadidist, whose active activities would primarily unfold in the territory of the Steppe Governorate-General. Conclusions. The reform in the field of public education undertaken by the Jadids in a European spirit at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had a most noticeable impact on the sociopolitical and spiritual life of the Kazakh people.