Жарияланымдар / Публикации

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  • Некоторые метрики заблокированы вашими 
    Тип записи:Публикация,
    Problems of continuity of the content of the chemistry course in secondary schools and universities
    (National Academy of Education named after Y. Altynsarin, 2025-03-31)
    Altynkul Toibazarova
    ;
    Nurbol Orynbasaruly Appazov
    ;
    ;
    D.Zh. Niyazova
    The article examines the current issues of the relationship between chemistry education in secondary schools and universities. The discrepancy between the expectations of universities and the knowledge of high school graduates is introduced into the context, and key problems preventing the successful continuity of educational programs are identified. The current state of the content of the chemistry course at school and the requirements of universities for the level of training in this subject are analyzed. The authors analyze the current situation in educational programs, identifying contradictions between the requirements of universities and the level of training of high school graduates in the field of chemistry. The article examines in detail the key factors influencing the continuity of learning, such as differences in curricula, teaching methodology and evaluation criteria. The authors also offer an overview of existing methods and mechanisms for ensuring continuity and evaluate their effectiveness. The article highlights the roles of teachers, educational institutions and students in improving the coherence of educational programs, as well as provides specific recommendations for solving these problems. The article also provides an overview of the existing mechanisms for ensuring continuity and their effectiveness. Based on the study, specific recommendations are proposed to improve coordination between educational levels. The roles of teachers, educational authorities and universities in solving these problems are highlighted. In conclusion, the importance of joint efforts of all participants in the educational process to ensure high-quality training of future specialists in the field of chemistry is emphasized.
  • Некоторые метрики заблокированы вашими 
    Тип записи:Публикация,
    Phosphonamidates Integrating Sterically Hindered Phenols with Membrane-Active Cations: A Redox-Activated Approach to Antimicrobial Agents
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2026-05-18)
    Elmira Gibadullina
    ;
    Adel Shakirov
    ;
    Margarita Neganova
    ;
    Yulia Aleksandrova
    ;
    Alexandra Voloshina
    A strategy to create highly effective antimicrobial agents was proposed based on the conjugation of three functional components: a cationic quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) that exerts a membrane-disrupting effect and promotes selective accumulation on bacterial surfaces; a phosphonamidate linker for controlled activation; and a sterically hindered phenol (SHP) fragment as a potential redox component. This approach enabled the preparation of 40 target phosphonamidate–SHP/QAS hybrids in high yields (88–98%). Evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against major pathogens and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) revealed high potency against Gram-positive bacteria. The lead compounds achieved minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.7–2.8 μM, which is up to 10 times lower than that of the reference drug, norfloxacin. Mechanistic studies confirmed that these hybrids disrupt the bacterial membrane. In addition, an increase in intracellular ROS levels was observed for the most active compound. The SHP/QAS hybrids retained high activity against S. aureus ATCC 209P after 17 passages and showed low cytotoxicity (SI = 62–92) and negligible hemolysis. These properties indicate that this approach may offer a useful strategy for developing antibacterial agents with a potentially lower risk of inducing conventional resistance mechanisms.