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ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ ДАННЫХ И КАРТОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ДЕГРАДИРОВАННЫХ ЗАСУШЛИВЫХ АГРОЛАНДШАФТОВ
(2018-01-01)
Л. Шахислам
;
О. Азимбай
;
С. Игорь
;
Ж. Арсений
;
Д. Сакен
Проведен анализ возможности определения степени засоления почв путем косвенного и прямого дешифрования космических LANDSAT (архивные). Установлено, что косвенное дешифрирование засоления по спектральным характеристикам изображений растительности в достаточно сильной степени зависит от фазы роста сельскохозяйственных культур (сроков съемки). А архивные снимки LANDSAT TM с помощью нормализованного индекса засоленности почв (NDSI) позволяет на полуколичественном уровне составить карты засоления и карта динамики засолённости почв. На основе компьютерного анализа снимков LANDSAT TM установлено, что засоленность почв объекта исследования за период с 1987 по 2014 годы увеличилась за счет значительного уменьшения площади незасоленных почв на 41,5% и увеличения площадей слабо- и среднезасоленных почв 34,9%, появились также ранее отсутствовавшие контуры сильнозасоленных почв на 6,6% общей обследованной площади.
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ESTIMATION AND SELECTION OF PARENTAL FORMS FOR BREEDING KAZAKHSTAN SALT TOLERANT RICE VARIETIES
(Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017-06-01)
Dariga Batayeva
;
Bakdaulet N. Usenbekov
;
Аiman Rysbekova
;
Ж. М. Мухина
;
D.T. Kazkeyev
About 25 % of the entire land surface is represented by saline soils, and up to 90 % of the total irrigated area -in some regions of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.Rice-growing region of the Republic of Kazakhstan is also located in the area with high salinity.A challenge for rice growing in Kazakhstan is deteriorating humus and reclamation of soil, rise in soil secondary salinity and degradation.In Kyzylorda region, pollution of surface (up to 3-5 g/l) and ground water (up to 6-7 g/l) by salt residues reaches a critical point.The dominating sulfatechloride-sodium type of salinity is especially toxic for crops.Akdalinski and Karatal zones of irrigation in the Almaty region are also located within the provinces of sulfate-soda and boric biogeochemical soil salinity.According the data of Kazakh Rice Research Institute, in recent years the rice yields and yield quality have sharply decreased -from 50 to 35-48 centners per hectare, and from 65 to 45-50 % of the groats output, respectively.In this regard, the rice breeding for salt tolerance is the most important to ensure food security in Kazakhstan.The objective of our study was the evaluation and selection a promising starting material of rice resistant to different types of salinity.To this end, we studied the rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, collection samples and their hybrid combinations of different generations derived from Russia, Kazakhstan and Philippine (34 genotypes in total).For the initial assessment at the seedling stage we used the laboratory screening for tolerance to various types of salinity, i.e. chloride, sulphate and carbonate.Saline stress negatively affected seedling growth and total weight in the studied samples.It was revealed that the carbonate type of salinity is the most toxic for rice plants; the chloride and sulfate types were less adverse.The hybrid collection sample F 2 Khankai 429 ½ 4-09 and as well as varieties Marzhan and Madina accumulated the highest percentage of biomass compared to the control at the salinity of all three types.Therefore, these genotypes are valuable in selection for salt tolerance.Molecular screening of chromosomal DNA regions linked to quantitative trait loci of salt tolerance (Saltol QTL) by PCR with microsatellite markers closely linked to the target chromosomal regions, RM 493 and AP 3206, showed RM 493 to produce polymorphism which allowed to distinguish the studied genotypes contrasting in salt tolerance.Thus RM 493 is informative to rank the rice genetic plasma by salt tolerance.
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A Study of the Processes of Desertification at the Modern Delta of the Ili River with the Application of Remote Sensing Data
(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering, 2021-02-10)
Shakhislam Uzakbaevich Laiskhanov
;
Maksat Nurbaiuly Poshanov
;
Zhassulan Smanov
;
Nursipa Karmenova
;
Kenzhekey Tleubergenova
The water regime is the main factor contributing to the formation of landscapes in the river deltas of arid zones, any fluctuations in which lead to a change in the integral hydromorphic landscape.After the construction of the Kapshagai reservoir, the anthropogenic load on the ecosystem of the Ili River delta increased, as a result of which degradation processes, such as drying out and salinization, intensified.In the short term, this phenomenon may lead to the desertification of about 1 million ha of land in the modern river delta.In this regard, the main goal of this study is to look at the processes of desertification in the modern delta of the Ili River, using remote sensing data, which allows for quick identification of the long-term dynamics of degradation processes.For this, the authors used satellite data from Landsat 1-5 MSSS and Landsat 8OLI satellites for 1979 and 2019 and soil analysis data obtained through the ground (field) surveys.Using regression analysis of space and soil data, predictors for interpreting space images were identified and maps of landscape drying and soil salinization were compiled, reflecting the changes that have occurred over the past 40 years.As a result, it was found that in 2019, compared to 1979, the area of landscapes covered with vegetation had decreased by 12% and there was a transformation of hydromorphic landscapes into salt marshes and solonetzes.Over the past 40 years, the volume of non-saline soils has decreased by 41.3% and the volume of saline soils has increased to varying degrees.That is, at present, on the territory of the modern delta, a difficult land improvement situation has developed associated with the cessation of spring and summer floods due to the intensive water use at the Chinese and Kazakh sides.
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ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦЕОЛИТНЫХ ОРГАНОМИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И БИОДОБАВОК НА АНАТОМИЧЕСКОЕ СТРОЕНИЕ ВЕГЕТАТИВНЫХ ОРГАНОВ РИСА
(2021-03-22)
K.N. ZHAILYBAY
;
Г. Ж. Медеуова
As a result of changes in the agro-ecological conditions of the Kazakhstan Aral Sea area, soil fertility is decreased and occurred their secondary salinization. Therefore, the application of organic and mineral fertilizers and ameliorants improve soil fertility and increases yield of rice. For these purposes, the influence of zeolitic organo- mineral fertilizers + bioadditives (ameliorant) on the anatomical structure of vegetative organs of rice has been studied. The results of the study shows that the combination of zeolite with organo-mineral fertilizers (Bio Vermicompost, BVC) and bioadditives (ground + zeolite 2.5 t/ha + BVC 3 t/ha + bioadditives) exercise a significant influence on the formation of anatomical structure of the stems, leaves and root of rice variety Marjan.
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Mapping of Cornfield Soil Salinity in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering, 2022-11-30)
Zhassulan Smanov
;
Shakhislam Uzakbaevich Laiskhanov
;
Maksat Nurbaiuly Poshanov
;
Yerzhan Rakhimkeldievich Abikbayev
;
С.Н. Дуйсеков
Soil salinization and their annual increase in volume is not only one of the main problems of arid and subarid regions, but it is becoming global.Studying the problem of salinization and its spatial distribution using operational remote sensing methods is very important for Kazakhstan, where almost half of the agricultural land is exposed to salinization, but it is at the initial stage of development in the use of space technologies of research.The main goal of this study is to conduct a field study of soil salinity in corn fields, one of the most common crops in the arid region of the country, located in the Shaulder irrigated massif, using space-based methods, and to create algorithms for compiling a salinity map based on remote sensing data.For this purpose, firstly, using Sentinel-2 images, the method of separating corn from other dominant crops in the region by creating NDVI dynamics covering all phases of growth of agricultural crops was shown.Then, a regression analysis was performed on soil and vegetation indices calculated using satellite images and data on soil salinity obtained through field studies.As a result of the analysis, the main predictor of deciphering salinized soils was determined.By dividing the predictive image into quartiles, contours of salinized soils were determined and a soil salinity map was created.With the help of the soil salinity map, it was found that, non-saline soils -2912.2ha; slightly saline soils -3288.4ha, moderately saline soils -2615.2ha, and strongly saline soils -1284.3ha in the study area.
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Soil morphological and chemical characteristics in the habitats of the rare, endemic plant Spiraeanthus schrenkianus in Karatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (Brazil), 2025-01-01)
A Muratbayeva
;
Akmaral Nurmahanova
;
Канат Кулымбет
;
A. T. Myltykbayeva
;
Aigul Аkhmetova
BACKGROUND: The article presents the results of the study of ecological characteristics of soils of three populations on the territory of Karatau. The populations were located in different geographical points with differences in soil types, depth of horizons and content of chemical elements. The study evaluated the main soil parameters including humus content, pH, CO2, macro- and microelements, and salinity level. It was found that population-1 (mountain gray-brown soils) was characterized by the highest content of humus and mobile nitrogen, indicating better availability of nutrients to plants. population-2 (mountain southern serozems) has higher potassium content, which is favourable for plant growth. population-3 (mountain gray-brown soils) showed the lowest content of mobile phosphorus and copper compared to other populations. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations showed that zinc exceeded the maximum permissible concentration only in population-2. At the same time, soil salinization at all three sites remains at a low level and does not pose a threat to the ecosystem. These findings are ecologically significant as they reveal the critical role of soil fertility and contamination in supporting the distribution and survival of the rare endemic species Spiraeanthus schrenkianus. These results provide new information for assessing the fertility and sustainability of land resources.
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КЛИМАТТЫҚ ӨЗГЕРІСТЕРГЕ БАЙЛАНЫСТЫ ТҮРКІСТАН ОБЛЫСЫНЫҢ ҚАЛАЛЫҚ АУМАҚТАРЫНДАҒЫ ГЕОФИЗИКАЛЫҚ ӨЗГЕРІСТЕРДІ ЗЕРТТЕУ
(2025-06-03)
Д. Джармуханбетова
;
L.T. Baikeyeva
;
Yerdaulet Askarbekovich Tulegenov
;
К. Баешова
Мақалада Түркістан облысының урбанизацияланған аумақтарында климаттық факторлардың әсерінен болатын геофизикалық өзгерістер қарастырылады. Температураның жоғарылауы, жауын-шашынның төмендеуі және құрғақшылықтың жоғарылауы топырақ горизонттарының сусыздануына, шөгуіне және жарылуына әкеледі. Жер асты суларының деңгейінің жоғарылауы және топырақтың физикалық қасиеттерінің өзгеруі оның жүк көтергіштігін төмендетеді. Қалалық инфрақұрылымда эрозиялық процестер, қайталама тұздану және деформациялар күшейеді. 2010–2024 жылдардағы мониторинг негізінде құрылыс нормаларын бейімдеу және өзгермелі климат жағдайында топырақтың жай-күйіне кешенді инженерлік бақылауды енгізу қажеттілігі анықталды. Нәтижелер климаттық өзгерістердің аймақ қалаларының геофизикалық жағдайына әсер ету дәрежесін бағалауға және бейімделу шараларын ұсынуға мүмкіндік береді The article examines the geophysical changes occurring in the urbanized territories of the Turkestan region under the influence of climatic factors. Rising temperatures, decreased precipitation, and increased droughts cause dehydration, shrinkage, and cracking of soil horizons. An increase in the groundwater level and a change in the physical properties of the soil reduce its bearing capacity. Erosion processes, secondary salinization and deformations in urban infrastructure are increasing. Based on monitoring in 2010–2024. The necessity of adapting building regulations and introducing integrated engineering control over the condition of soils in a changing climate has been identified. The results obtained make it possible to assess the degree of influence of climate change on the geophysical state of the region’s cities and propose adaptation measures В статье рассматриваются геофизические изменения, происходящие на урбанизированных территориях Туркестанской области под воздействием климатических факторов. Повышение температуры, снижение осадков и учащение засух вызывают обезвоживание, усадку и растрескивание почвенных горизонтов. Увеличение уровня грунтовых вод и изменение физических свойств грунта снижают его несущую способность. Усиливаются эрозионные процессы, вторичное засоление и деформации в городской инфраструктуре. На основе мониторинга 2010–2024 гг. выявлена необходимость адаптации строительных норм и внедрения комплексного инженерного контроля над состоянием грунтов в условиях меняющегося климата. Полученные результаты позволяют оценить степень влияния климатических изменений на геофизическое состояние городов региона и предложить меры адаптации

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