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    Comparative Characteristic of two Cultivars of Winter Common Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivated in the Southeast of Kazakhstan using the Drip Irrigation Technology
    (2017-02-01)
    Zhanar Muratovna Yeraliyeva
    ;
    Meruyert Sakenovna Kurmanbayeva
    ;
    Karina Kh. Makhmudova
    ;
    T. Kolev
    ;
    Serik Kenesbayev
    The purpose of our research was studying the indicators of grain quality, productivity and analysis of anatomical stem structure during the full maturity of two cultivars of winter common wheat.Novelty of work consists in carrying out such a research using a local standard cultivar Almaly and a new cultivar SWW 2/127 grown using the drip irrigation technology.Researches were carried out in field and laboratory conditions using methods of field experiment, drip irrigation, microscopic section and biometric analysis.Stem structure of the 3rd internode, epidermis thickness, length and width of large conducting bundles, xylem length and width, thickness of parenchyma cell and culm thickness were analyzed.SWW 2/127 cultivar demonstrated increase of the values of these traits.Other biometric indicators of SWW 2/127 cultivar such as thickness of mechanical tissue and bark, length and width of small conducting bundles demonstrated their decreasing in comparison with Almaly cultivar.Some increasing of the total quantity of small conducting bundles of the primary bark of Almaly cultivar was noted in comparison with SWW 2/127 cultivar; and vice versa decreasing of the total quantity of large conducting bundles of Almaly cultivar was observed in comparison with SWW 2/127 cultivar.Almaly cultivar had higher rates of mass of 1000 grains (51.7 g), grain nature (772 g L -1 ), glassiness (85%), protein quantity (15.6%) and gluten quantity (34.4%).Both cultivars formed grain nature, glassiness, starch and protein quantity, gluten quantity at the level of State standards for strong and valuable wheat; gluten quality corresponded to the 2nd group.Indicators of the ear structure of Almaly cultivar were higher than indicators of SWW 2/127 cultivar.Productivity of Almaly cultivar was 91.8 centners per a hectare, seed sowing norm was 2 million grains per a hectare; productivity of SWW 2/127 cultivar at the same norm of seed sowing was 77.4 centners per a hectare.
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    DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR CULTIVATION OF MELTING BARLEY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE SPECIFICITY OF SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF ALMATY REGION TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF RAW MATERIALS
    (Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, 2025-12-30)
    Гулнар Мырзабаева
    ;
    Бактигул Раимбекова
    ;
    Lyailya Anuarova
    ;
    A.B. Idrisova
    ;
    Elmira Imanova
    The increasing need to enhance the efficiency of brewing barley cultivation, a key crop for brewing and food industries, is critical amid climate change, unstable moisture, and soil resource depletion. This study scientifically evaluates optimal agronomic practices—specifically sowing dates and seeding rates—tailored to the soil and climatic conditions of the Balkhash district, Almaty region. Multi-year research on the brewing barley variety "Arna" assessed the impact of sowing timing and seeding density on plant growth, phenology, productivity, and grain quality. Results showed that early sowing with a seeding rate of 5.0 million viable seeds per hectare fosters strong seedling establishment, optimal development, and high yields reaching 30.1 centners per hectare. Increasing seeding rates from 2 to 6 million seeds per hectare raised productive stem counts from 300 to 460 per m² but reduced productive tillering, indicating plant compensatory responses.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between grain number per spike and spike productivity (r = 0.977) and a negative correlation between productive tillering and seeding rate (r = –0.847). Grain quality at the optimal seeding rate (5.0 million seeds/ha) was characterized by high test weight (up to 654 g/l), grain size (up to 85%), germination rate (up to 95%), husk content (~9.5%), protein (~11.6%), starch (up to 61.3%), and extractivity (up to 76.1%). Although increasing seeding rate to 6.0 million seeds/ha improved yield and thousand-kernel weight, it lowered protein content.These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive, locally adapted approach to sowing dates and seeding rates to maximize yield and grain quality of "Arna" brewing barley. The recommended agronomic practices produce grain meeting GOST 5060-86 standards, supporting regional brewing industry development. The results provide valuable guidance for optimizing brewing barley cultivation technologies under regional conditions.